P010 Islam di Tengah Semesta Hindu: Toleransi, Adaptasi, dan Identitas Muslim dalam Kebudayaan Bali : Studi Kasus Komunitas Muslim Pegayaman, Buleleng

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengkaji fenomena harmoni antaragama yang terjalin antara komunitas Muslim Pegayaman dan masyarakat Hindu di Kecamatan Sukasada, Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali. Komunitas Muslim Pegayaman, yang telah ada sejak abad ke-16 sebagai keturunan prajurit Kerajaan Blambangan, merupakan satu-satunya desa bermayoritas Muslim di Bali yang berhasil membangun identitas hibrid: tetap menjalankan ajaran Islam secara teguh sementara mengadopsi unsur-unsur budaya Bali seperti bahasa, sistem penamaan berbasis urutan kelahiran, dan berbagai tradisi lokal yang telah diselaraskan dengan nilai syariat. Kajian ini menelusuri bentuk-bentuk toleransi beragama, adaptasi budaya (seperti tradisi Ngejot, sistem irigasi Subak, dan arsitektur akulturatif), serta konstruksi identitas yang terbentuk melalui interaksi sosial jangka panjang antara kedua komunitas. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kerukunan di Pegayaman dilandasi oleh filosofi Menyama Braya (persaudaraan), kepercayaan timbal balik, dan modal sosial yang kuat, meskipun pasca reformasi muncul tantangan baru berupa wacana Ajeg Bali yang berpotensi menggeser dinamika identitas. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa identitas agama dan identitas etnis tidak bersifat eksklusif, melainkan dapat berjalan paralel dan saling memperkaya dalam kehidupan multikultural.

Kata Kunci: Islam Pegayaman, toleransi beragama, adaptasi budaya, identitas Muslim, Hindu-Bali, multikulturalisme

Abstract

This study examines the phenomenon of interreligious harmony between the Muslim community of Pegayaman and the Hindu population in Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency, Bali. The Pegayaman Muslim community, which has existed since the 16th century as descendants of Blambangan Kingdom soldiers, represents the only Muslim-majority village in Bali that has successfully built a hybrid identity, firmly upholding Islamic teachings while adopting elements of Balinese culture such as language, birth-order-based naming systems, and local traditions adapted to align with Islamic values. This study explores forms of religious tolerance, cultural adaptation (such as the Ngejot tradition, the Subak irrigation system, and acculturated architecture), and identity construction shaped through long-term social interaction between the two communities. Findings indicate that social harmony in Pegayaman is grounded in the philosophy of Menyama Braya (brotherhood), mutual trust, and strong social capital, although new challenges have emerged in the post-reform era through the Ajeg Bali discourse, which carries the potential to shift identity dynamics. This study affirms that religious and ethnic identity are not mutually exclusive but can develop in parallel, mutually enriching one another within a multicultural life.

Keywords: Pegayaman Islam, religious tolerance, cultural adaptation, Muslim identity, Hindu-Bali, multiculturalism