Proceedings Borneo Islamic International Conference eISSN 2948-5045

P001 EVALUATION OF FRESHWATER LOBSTER (Cherax quadricarinatus) SHELLS AS A GREEN BIO-FUNGICIDE AGAINST Fusarium sp.

HENDRY JOSEPH — Tue, 09 Jun 2026 07:34:17 +0000

Fusarium spp. is a highly destructive soil-borne pathogen responsible for vascular wilt in major economic crops globally. Currently, the mitigation of this pathogen relies heavily on hazardous synthetic fungicides, which pose severe risks to environmental and public health. Concurrently, the rapidly expanding aquaculture industry generates massive quantities of underutilized crustacean shell waste. This study aimed at extracting chitosan from freshwater lobster (Cherax quadricarinatus) shells and thoroughly evaluate its potential as a sustainable bio-fungicide against Fusarium sp. The chitosan was synthesized via a sequential chemical process of demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. Comprehensive characterization involved solubility testing and acid-base titration. Antifungal efficacy was subsequently assessed in vitro utilizing Poisoned Food (direct contact) and Well Diffusion at formulated concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2.0%, compared against both negative and positive (Mancozeb) controls. Results indicated the highly successful extraction of quality chitosan, featuring an exceptional Degree of Deacetylation (DD) of 96.6%, confirming a dense presence of active amino groups. In the Poisoned Food assay, the 2.0% chitosan treatment exhibited profound, dose-dependent growth inhibition, drastically reducing the fungal radial diameter to 16.00 ± 1.73 mm (a 74.6% inhibition rate) compared to the control (63.00 ± 2.65 mm). Statistical analysis (ANOVA, p < 0.05) confirmed there was no significant difference in efficacy between the 2.0% bio-fungicide and the commercial synthetic standard. While its activity in diffusion assays was constrained by the polymer’s high molecular weight, the overarching findings establish Cherax quadricarinatus shells as a highly viable, sustainable source of potent antifungal chitosan.

P002 Spiritual Preneurship of Madura Migrant Women: Household-Based Economic Resilience Innovation in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Tue, 09 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

The phenomenon of migration of Madurese women has long been a pillar of the household economy, but it retains the complexity between the workload and the typical spiritual wealth of capital. The presence of the era of artificial intelligence adds a new dimension: migrant women are required to adapt to the latest technology without giving up their religiosity and local wisdom, so an integrated study of this phenomenon is urgent. This research unravels the spiritual practice of preneurship of Madura migrant women as a household-based economic resilience innovation in the midst of AI-based digitalization. The approach used is qualitative with a reflective phenomenology-ethnographic design through a collective case study design. Primary data were obtained from 16 participants—retired and active migrant women in Pamekasan, Sumenep, Sampang, and Bangkalan—through semi-structured in-depth interviews, engaged observations, business digital footprint tracing, and focus group discussions. Secondary data was collected from business books, BP2MI documents, and reputable academic literature. The determination of participants was purposively pursued with the technique of maximum variation until the data was saturated. The analysis combines the interactive models of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, interpreted through the framework of maqāṣid al-syarī'ah, especially the principle of ḥifẓ al-māl. Validity is guaranteed through source triangulation, member checking, and thick descriptions. The results of the research reveal three main conclusions. First, spiritual preneurship is manifested through a combination of commercial dhikr, production alms, and barokah nuanced contracts as productive social-spiritual capital. Second, AI technologies—commercial chatbots, generative AI marketing, and financial applications—are selectively absorbed through religious domestication mechanisms. Third, the combination of spiritual dimensions and AI gives birth to an adaptive economic resilience model that strengthens the household as a production unit as well as a space for safeguarding values. These findings enrich the discourse of sharia economics, contemporary gender-migration studies, and migrant women's empowerment policies rooted in Madura's local wisdom.

Keywords: spiritual preneurship; Madura migrant women; household economic resilience; artificial intelligence; maqāṣid al-syarī'ah

P003 Tradisi Piduduk sebagai akulturasi islam dan budaya lokal dalam kehidupan masyarakat Banja

Muhamad Arsyad — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:43:27 +0000

Piduduk adalah salah satu tradisi yang diwariskan oleh masyarakat Banjar dan menjadi cerminan nyata dari pertemuan antara nilai-nilai Islam dengan kearifan lokal dalam perjalanan panjang Islamisasi di Kalimantan Selatan. Keunikan tradisi ini terletak pada kemampuannya bertahan hingga era modern, yang mengindikasikan terjadinya proses penyesuaian, tawar-menawar, dan pembaruan makna antara praktik pra-Islam dengan prinsip-prinsip ajaran Islam. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk menelusuri asal-usul kemunculan tradisi Piduduk, menguraikan wujud perpaduan antara Islam dan budaya Banjar yang terkandung di dalamnya, serta menelaah perubahan makna yang berlangsung dari waktu ke waktu. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dengan bingkai Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam, yang dianalisis melalui tiga kerangka teori, yakni teori akulturasi budaya, teori sinkretisme antara agama dan budaya, serta teori perubahan nilai. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa tradisi Piduduk bersumber dari sistem keyakinan masyarakat Banjar sebelum masuknya Islam, yang kental dengan pengaruh animisme, dinamisme, serta tradisi Hindu-Buddha. Penyebaran Islam melalui Kesultanan Banjar dan kalangan ulama berlangsung dengan cara yang lentur dan tidak konfrontatif, sehingga tradisi lokal tidak dihilangkan secara paksa, melainkan diarahkan menuju pemaknaan baru yang selaras dengan ajaran Islam. Dampaknya, berbagai elemen ritual yang semula terhubung dengan kepercayaan terhadap kekuatan gaib perlahan beralih fungsi menjadi simbol adat, sarana mengungkapkan doa, serta penanda identitas budaya masyarakat Banjar. Di sisi lain, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa tradisi Piduduk hingga kini masih memantik perdebatan di kalangan ulama mengenai sejauh mana pelestarian budaya lokal dapat diselaraskan dengan ketentuan ajaran Islam. Dengan demikian, tradisi Piduduk dapat dipahami sebagai buah dari perpaduan dan evolusi budaya yang mencerminkan dinamika hubungan antara agama dan tradisi dalam kehidupan masyarakat Banjar.

Kata kunci: tradisi Piduduk, masyarakat Banjar, akulturasi Islam, budaya Banjar, pergeseran nilai.

P004 Simbolisme dan Religiusitas: Studi Perbandingan Fungsi Rebana pada Masyarakat Melayu dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Identitas Lokal Indonesia

Dian Syahda, Dzaliqa Putri Susandjana, Mayang Salsabila, Dian Syahda — Sun, 14 Jun 2026 12:39:00 +0000

Rebana merupakan instrumen musik perkusi tradisional yang telah mengakar kuat dalam kehidupan masyarakat Melayu di Indonesia sejak proses Islamisasi Nusantara pada abad ke-13 hingga ke-16. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis dimensi simbolisme dan religiusitas rebana, membandingkan fungsinya di berbagai komunitas Melayu, serta mengkaji pengaruhnya terhadap pembentukan identitas lokal Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi kepustakaan dan kajian komparatif lintas budaya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rebana bukan sekadar alat musik, melainkan manifestasi spiritual yang menjalankan beragam fungsi ritual mulai dari pengiring zikir dan shalawat, media siklus kehidupan (aqiqah, khitanan, pernikahan), hingga sarana transmisi nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam antargenerasi. Secara simbolik, bentuk bulatnya dimaknai sebagai lambang kesempurnaan dunia, sementara pola permainannya yang kolektif mencerminkan nilai persaudaraan (ukhuwah) dan gotong royong. Perbandingan lintas wilayah memperlihatkan keragaman adaptasi lokal, seperti rapai di Aceh, marawis di Betawi, dan pengiring madihin di Kalimantan Selatan, yang sekaligus menunjukkan fleksibilitas Islam dalam berdialog dengan budaya setempat. Di tengah tantangan modernisasi dan globalisasi, tradisi rebana terbukti memiliki daya tahan budaya yang kuat dan bahkan mengalami revitalisasi di kalangan generasi muda melalui komunitas-komunitas pecinta shalawat. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa rebana berperan strategis sebagai penanda identitas lokal sekaligus perekat integrasi antara nilai-nilai spiritual Islam dan kearifan budaya Nusantara.

Kata kunci: Rebana, akulturasi budaya, religiusitas, Islam Nusantara, identitas lokal.

P005 Akulturasi Nilai-Nilai Islam dalam Seni Pertunjukan Wayang Kulit sebagai Media Dakwah Struktural di Tanah Jawa

Putri Nur Aini, Virda Andini, Tantri Lestari — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 14:08:22 +0000

Wayang kulit merupakan seni pertunjukan Jawa yang sejak masa Hindu-Buddha berfungsi sebagai media pendidikan moral dan spiritual. Ketika Islam masuk ke Jawa, para Wali Songo, khususnya Sunan Kalijaga, memilih strategi akulturasi budaya dengan memodifikasi estetika visual dan narasi pewayangan agar selaras dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis proses akulturasi tersebut serta peran wayang kulit sebagai instrumen dakwah struktural. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan historis dan komunikasi dengan landasan Teori Akomodasi Komunikasi Howard Giles. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan estetika wayang dari bentuk realistis menjadi stilistis merupakan respons terhadap prinsip syariat Islam sekaligus pelestarian budaya lokal. Reinterpretasi simbolik, seperti Jamus Kalimasada sebagai representasi kalimat syahadat dan tokoh Punakawan sebagai penyampai nilai sufistik, menjadi jembatan antara Islam dan tradisi Jawa. Selain itu, dukungan Kesultanan Demak menjadikan wayang kulit bukan hanya media kultural, tetapi juga instrumen dakwah struktural yang memiliki legitimasi politik dan jangkauan sosial luas. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa dakwah berbasis akulturasi budaya lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan dibandingkan pendekatan konfrontatif.

P006 Akulturasi Islam dan Budaya Bugis

Maulidya Farhana, Hasiatun Hasanah, Rayani Rayani — Tue, 16 Jun 2026 07:13:46 +0000

Penelitian ini mengkaji proses akulturasi antara ajaran Islam dan budaya lokal masyarakat Bugis, dengan menempatkan konsep Siri’ na Pacce sebagai titik temu antara nilai adat dan prinsip syariat Islam. Masyarakat Bugis telah memiliki sistem nilai yang kuat jauh sebelum masuknya Islam pada abad ke-17, namun kedatangan Islam tidak menghapus identitas lokal tersebut, melainkan mengintegrasikannya dalam bingkai moral yang lebih luas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka (library research) dengan pendekatan historis deskriptif dan analisis akulturasi budaya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai inti dalam Siri’ na Pacce seperti getteng (keteguhan/istiqamah), lempu (kejujuran/shidq), sipakatau (saling menghormati), dan mappasanre ri elo na Allah (tawakal) yang memiliki korespondensi langsung dengan prinsip-prinsip akhlak dalam ajaran Islam. Proses akulturasi ini juga tampak nyata dalam tradisi-tradisi seperti Mappacci, Mabbarasanji, dan Suromaca yang memadukan unsur ritual adat Bugis dengan nilai-nilai keislaman. Islam tidak berperan sebagai pengganti budaya Bugis, melainkan sebagai penyempurna sistem moral yang telah ada, sehingga melahirkan identitas Bugis Muslim yang harmonis dan berkelanjutan. Temuan ini memperkuat gagasan bahwa Islam di Nusantara berkembang melalui pendekatan kultural yang dialogis, bukan konfrontatif.

P007 Islam dan Kebudayaan Lokal: Analisis Tradisi Tabot Bengkulu

Nur Rizha Yulianti Dewi, Gazali Rahman — Tue, 16 Jun 2026 13:50:52 +0000

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang kaya akan keragaman budaya, suku, bahasa, dan agama. Salah satu daerah yang memiliki kekayaan budaya Islam yang luar biasa adalah Provinsi Bengkulu yang terletak di pesisir barat pulau Sumatera. Di antara berbagai tradisi budaya yang berkembang di Bengkulu, tradisi Tabot dikenal luas sebagai upacara peringatan hari wafatnya Husain bin Ali, cucu Nabi Muhammad SAW, yang gugur dalam Peristiwa Karbala pada tanggal 10 Muharram 61 H (680 M). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sejarah, proses pelaksanaan, makna simbolik, dan nilai-nilai Islam yang terkandung dalam tradisi Tabot. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur, yaitu dengan mengumpulkan, menelaah, dan menganalisis berbagai sumber pustaka yang berkaitan dengan sejarah, perkembangan, dan nilai-nilai Islam dalam tradisi Tabot di Bengkulu. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi Tabot merupakan warisan budaya Islam yang berkembang melalui proses akulturasi antara tradisi Islam yang dibawa oleh komunitas Muslim India dengan budaya lokal Bengkulu. Tradisi ini dilaksanakan melalui serangkaian ritual yang berlangsung selama 1–10 Muharram dan mengandung berbagai makna simbolik yang berkaitan dengan peristiwa syahidnya Husain bin Ali di Karbala. Dari sisi sosial, tabot juga berfungsi sebagai sarana memperkuat solidaritas sosial, menjaga identitas budaya daerah, serta mewariskan nilai-nilai Islam seperti gotong royong, kebersamaan, toleransi, penghormatan terhadap perjuangan, dan rasa syukur. Tradisi ini menunjukkan bahwa Islam dan budaya lokal dapat berinteraksi secara harmonis sehingga melahirkan warisan budaya yang tetap relevan dan bernilai bagi masyarakat hingga saat ini.

P008 Islamisasi Budaya Lokal Dalam Tradisi Seren Taun Masyarakat Sunda

Desti Fitri Alfiyani, Windy Dwi Hafizh, Anesya Aulia Hanum — Tue, 16 Jun 2026 13:52:13 +0000

This study aims to examine the structure and process of Islamization of local culture that occurs within the agrarian tradition of Seren Taun among traditional Sundanese society. This study employs a library research method with a historical-cultural approach. As a communal annual rite, Seren Taun was originally deeply rooted in the cosmology of Sunda Wiwitan, centered on the veneration of the mythological figure Nyi Pohaci Sanghyang Asri as the goddess of fertility and rice. Through the culturally adaptive proselytization approach inherited from earlier Islamic scholars such as Wali Songo, Syekh Quro, and Sunan Gunung Djati, this tradition was not abolished but instead underwent a process of profound reconceptualization. The outer structure or physical form of the tradition was preserved as an aesthetic heritage, while its spiritual essence was aligned with the principles of Islamic tawhid. The focus of gratitude was deconstructed and redirected entirely toward Allah SWT (Gusti Nu Maha Suci). This transformation is concretely evidenced through the infiltration of Islamic practices, such as the replacement of mantras with communal dhikr, the recitation of salawat during the ngajayak procession, and the allocation of the rice barn (leuit indung), which adopts the spirit of zakat and sadaqah for social welfare. This study concludes that the preservation of Seren Taun represents a tangible manifestation of historical dialectics that positions Islam as rahmatan lil 'alamin, wherein the purity of tawhid can coexist peacefully and harmoniously with the authentic identity of Sundanese culture. This study contributes to strengthening the understanding that cultural da'wah is a relevant and effective approach in maintaining harmony between Islam and local wisdom in Indonesia.

P009 Ritual Manyanggar Banua dalam Perspektif Akidah Islam di Komunitas Dayak Muslim

Ahmad Faturrahman, Nauval Rizky Ibrahim, Hafudz Rifky Nurfathan — Tue, 16 Jun 2026 13:55:23 +0000

Ritual Manyanggar Banua merupakan tradisi adat Dayak yang masih dipraktikkan oleh sebagian komunitas Dayak Muslim di Kalimantan Tengah, sehingga menimbulkan pergulatan antara identitas keislaman dan identitas kedayakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan prosesi ritual Manyanggar Banua, menganalisisnya dari perspektif akidah Islam, serta memahami bentuk negosiasi identitas budaya dan agama pada komunitas Dayak Muslim. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi literatur, bersumber dari buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan laporan penelitian terdahulu, yang dianalisis melalui analisis isi dan pendekatan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ritual Manyanggar Banua berakar pada kepercayaan Kaharingan dan mengandung elemen-elemen yang berpotensi bersinggungan dengan prinsip tauhid, terutama terkait keyakinan kepada roh gaib, penggunaan sesajen, dan pembacaan mantra animistis. Namun, sejumlah unsur seperti tujuan keselamatan kampung, nilai gotong royong, dan doa kolektif dapat diselaraskan dengan Islam melalui islamisasi makna. Komunitas Dayak Muslim menunjukkan tiga pola negosiasi identitas, yaitu pola akomodatif, selektif, dan penolakan total, yang dipengaruhi oleh pemahaman keagamaan, otoritas ulama lokal, dan tokoh adat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa negosiasi antara identitas Islam dan identitas Dayak merupakan proses dinamis yang membutuhkan dialog konstruktif antara tokoh agama dan tokoh adat guna menjaga keseimbangan antara pelestarian budaya dan kemurnian akidah.

Kata kunci: Manyanggar Banua, akidah Islam, Dayak Muslim, sinkretisme, negosiasi identitas

P010 Islam di Tengah Semesta Hindu: Toleransi, Adaptasi, dan Identitas Muslim dalam Kebudayaan Bali : Studi Kasus Komunitas Muslim Pegayaman, Buleleng

Aditya Tri Prasetya — Tue, 16 Jun 2026 14:01:45 +0000

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengkaji fenomena harmoni antaragama yang terjalin antara komunitas Muslim Pegayaman dan masyarakat Hindu di Kecamatan Sukasada, Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali. Komunitas Muslim Pegayaman, yang telah ada sejak abad ke-16 sebagai keturunan prajurit Kerajaan Blambangan, merupakan satu-satunya desa bermayoritas Muslim di Bali yang berhasil membangun identitas hibrid: tetap menjalankan ajaran Islam secara teguh sementara mengadopsi unsur-unsur budaya Bali seperti bahasa, sistem penamaan berbasis urutan kelahiran, dan berbagai tradisi lokal yang telah diselaraskan dengan nilai syariat. Kajian ini menelusuri bentuk-bentuk toleransi beragama, adaptasi budaya (seperti tradisi Ngejot, sistem irigasi Subak, dan arsitektur akulturatif), serta konstruksi identitas yang terbentuk melalui interaksi sosial jangka panjang antara kedua komunitas. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kerukunan di Pegayaman dilandasi oleh filosofi Menyama Braya (persaudaraan), kepercayaan timbal balik, dan modal sosial yang kuat, meskipun pasca reformasi muncul tantangan baru berupa wacana Ajeg Bali yang berpotensi menggeser dinamika identitas. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa identitas agama dan identitas etnis tidak bersifat eksklusif, melainkan dapat berjalan paralel dan saling memperkaya dalam kehidupan multikultural.

Kata Kunci: Islam Pegayaman, toleransi beragama, adaptasi budaya, identitas Muslim, Hindu-Bali, multikulturalisme

Abstract

This study examines the phenomenon of interreligious harmony between the Muslim community of Pegayaman and the Hindu population in Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency, Bali. The Pegayaman Muslim community, which has existed since the 16th century as descendants of Blambangan Kingdom soldiers, represents the only Muslim-majority village in Bali that has successfully built a hybrid identity, firmly upholding Islamic teachings while adopting elements of Balinese culture such as language, birth-order-based naming systems, and local traditions adapted to align with Islamic values. This study explores forms of religious tolerance, cultural adaptation (such as the Ngejot tradition, the Subak irrigation system, and acculturated architecture), and identity construction shaped through long-term social interaction between the two communities. Findings indicate that social harmony in Pegayaman is grounded in the philosophy of Menyama Braya (brotherhood), mutual trust, and strong social capital, although new challenges have emerged in the post-reform era through the Ajeg Bali discourse, which carries the potential to shift identity dynamics. This study affirms that religious and ethnic identity are not mutually exclusive but can develop in parallel, mutually enriching one another within a multicultural life.

Keywords: Pegayaman Islam, religious tolerance, cultural adaptation, Muslim identity, Hindu-Bali, multiculturalism

P011 Akulturasi dan Dialektika Sejarah Islam dengan Budaya Lokal Masyarakat Timor

Fatih Nurramadhan, Ahmad Haikal Jauti, Andry Dwi Priyanto — Wed, 17 Jun 2026 02:31:27 +0000

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara komprehensif sejarah masuknya Islam serta dinamika interaksinya dengan kebudayaan lokal di Pulau Timor dalam bingkai akademik Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) dan Budaya Lokal. Menggunakan pendekatan historis kontekstual, studi ini membedah bagaimana Islam merembes masuk ke wilayah Timor sejak abad ke-15 melalui jaringan perdagangan maritim komoditas kayu cendana yang digerakkan oleh para pedagang dan ulama dari berbagai penjuru Nusantara seperti Solor, Ternate, Bugis, Makassar, serta Arab (Hadramaut). Dalam lintasan sejarahnya, perkembangan Islam di wilayah ini mengalami pasang surut akibat tantangan internal berupa kuatnya sistem kepercayaan lokal serta tekanan eksternal dari agresivitas kolonialisme Portugis. Melalui kacamata SKI dan Budaya Lokal, penelitian ini menganalisis proses akulturasi yang terjadi antara nilai-nilai keislaman dengan sistem karakteristik budaya Timor yang sarat dengan tradisi patrilineal serta sisa-sisa animisme dan dinamisme. Islam di Timor terbukti tidak hadir secara konfrontatif, melainkan adaptif dan dialogis. Hal ini tercermin nyata dalam berbagai ekspresi Islam lokal, seperti integrasi tradisi penyerahan belis (mas kawin adat) yang diselaraskan dengan syariat ijab kabul Islam, serta penggunaan doa-doa Islami dalam prosesi lingkaran hidup tradisional masyarakat tanpa menghilangkan tatanan adat yang mengakar. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa manifestasi Islam di Timor merupakan bukti otentik dari kelenturan Islam Nusantara yang mampu menciptakan harmoni sosial dan kultural, di mana syariat Islam dan kearifan lokal saling mengukuhkan identitas masyarakat Muslim Timor secara damai.

P012 Studi Interaksionisme Simbolik dalam Tradisi Margondang pada Masyarakat Muslim Batak Angkola dan Mandailing

Ahmad Amri Rasyad Rabbani, Muhammad Syafiq Sholahuddin, Adelia Pertiwi Hasibuan — Wed, 17 Jun 2026 02:34:09 +0000

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan tingkat keberagaman budaya yang tinggi, di mana Islam hadir melalui proses akulturasi dinamis dengan tradisi lokal. Salah satu fenomena menarik adalah keberlangsungan tradisi Margondang pada masyarakat Muslim Batak Angkola dan Mandailing yang tetap dipertahankan meski berakar dari kepercayaan pra-Islam. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana masyarakat tersebut memaknai, mempertahankan, serta menegosiasikan tradisi Margondang di tengah nilai-nilai keislaman. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan pisau analisis teori Interaksionisme Simbolik dari George Herbert Mead dan Herbert Blumer, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi proses pembentukan makna melalui interaksi sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberlangsungan Margondang dimungkinkan melalui negosiasi makna yang selektif, di mana unsur adat yang bertentangan dengan syariat dimodifikasi, sementara nilai estetik dan sosial dipertahankan. Hal ini mengimplikasikan bahwa identitas Muslim Batak merupakan identitas ganda yang komplementer, mencerminkan fleksibilitas Islam dalam merespons keragaman budaya tanpa melemahkan substansi akidah. Integrasi ini memberikan kontribusi penting bagi pemahaman mendalam mengenai pola islamisasi dan koeksistensi harmonis antara agama dan budaya di Indonesia.

P013 ISLAM DAN KEBUDAYAAN MADURA: TRADISI ROKAT TASE' SEBAGAI WUJUD AKULTURASI AGAMA DAN BUDAYA

Sayyid Husin Bahasyim — Wed, 17 Jun 2026 02:36:05 +0000

The Rokat Tase' tradition represents one of the most visible manifestations of the acculturation process between Islamic values and the local culture of the Madurese people. As a sea thanksgiving ritual passed down through generations, Rokat Tase' functions not only as a spiritual expression of the fishing community but also as a social space that reinforces solidarity among its members. This article aims to examine how Islam and Madurese culture meet and merge within the practice of Rokat Tase', while analyzing the acculturation process that occurs without diminishing the identity of each cultural element. Employing a qualitative approach and the perspective of cultural anthropology, this study finds that Rokat Tase' is a product of harmonious acculturation, in which Islamic values of monotheism, prayer, and gratitude are integrated into the local customary rites of Madura. This process reflects Islam's flexibility in engaging with local traditions and demonstrates that Madurese culture possesses a strong adaptive capacity toward religious influence. The findings suggest that Rokat Tase' is not merely a cultural heritage, but a living symbol of the successful, peaceful, and sustainable acculturation of religion and culture within Madurese society.

Keywords: Rokat Tase', acculturation, Islam, Madurese culture, local tradition, fishing ritual.

P014 AKULTURASI ISLAM DAN BUDAYA LOKAL DALAM TRADISI PERNIKAHAN MASYARAKAT FLORES

Taufik Muhamad, maimunah karimah, Muhammad farhat fanani — Wed, 17 Jun 2026 13:45:31 +0000

This study examines the acculturation process between Islamic values and local cultural traditions in the customary wedding ceremonies of the Flores community, East Nusa Tenggara. As an archipelagic nation of remarkable diversity, Indonesia serves as a meeting ground between Islamic teachings and indigenous wisdom that predates the arrival of Islam. Flores, with its ethnic diversity including the Manggarai, Ngada, Ende-Lio, Sikka, and Lamaholot peoples, provides a highly relevant site for studying the negotiation dynamics between Islamic law and local customs, particularly in wedding practices. This study aims to understand the concept of cultural acculturation from an Islamic perspective, to describe the customary wedding traditions of Flores, and to analyze the process of Islamic acculturation within those traditions. The study employs a library research method with a descriptive-qualitative analytical approach, drawing on academic sources, scientific journals, and prior field studies. The findings indicate that Islam accommodates local traditions through the principles of 'Urf and the legal maxim al-'adah muhakkamah, allowing the belis tradition — a customary gift of livestock, elephant tusks, or woven cloth from the groom's family to the bride's family — to be practiced as long as it does not contradict the fundamental principles of Islamic law. This acculturation process is adaptive and theologically grounded, not arbitrary syncretism. Nevertheless, social tensions persist due to the heavy economic burden of belis, which has given rise to the phenomenon of elopement in some communities, reflecting the ongoing tension between religious norms, customary values, and economic realities. This study concludes that harmony between Islam and local traditions in Flores can be achieved through a balanced, tolerant, and just approach, consistent with the inclusive and contextual character of Nusantara Islam.

P015 DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF ISLAMIC DEBT MARKETS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF TOKENISED SUKUK IN MALAYSIA

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 15:19:10 +0000

Malaysia is heading towards a major digital revolution with the implementation of tokenised sukuk, often known as smart sukuk. The country is a key player in the global Islamic capital market. Blockchain technology has the potential to significantly reduce costs of issuance and provide access to markets for retail investors and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). However, integration of modern technologies into Islamic finance confronts major challenges due to complex theological, legal and structural problems. The study uses thematic analysis to explain a narrative appraisal of trends, difficulties, strategies and possible research paths of tokenised sukuk in Malaysia. The findings demonstrate that government-funded pilot initiatives exhibit institutional preparedness. Smart contract programming has an irreversible quality that conflicts with the adaptability needed by Islamic jurisprudence. Furthermore, Malaysia’s dual legal system, the lack of common ESG definitions, and inadequate cross-border enforcement continue to prevent market integration. This paper suggests combining automated execution on the blockchain with human Shariah oversight off-chain using “hybrid smart contracts” and Regulatory Technology (RegTech). The research suggests that the research should move from qualitative analysis to quantitative economic models such as Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Value-at-Risk (VaR) to examine the real economic impact and default risk of digital Islamic assets. This is an evident gap in the current field of study.

P016 Islam di Tengah Semesta Hindu: Toleransi, Adaptasi, dan Identitas Muslim dalam Kebudayaan Bali : Studi Kasus Komunitas Muslim Pegayaman, Buleleng

Aditya Tri Prasetya, Dandy Ahmad, Rizky Wijanarko — Sun, 21 Jun 2026 23:51:12 +0000

P017 Tradisi Piduduk sebagai Akulturasi Islam dan Budaya Lokal dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Banjar

Almayda ., Muhamad Arsyad, Husnul Khatimah — Sun, 21 Jun 2026 23:53:03 +0000

P018 Wanita dan perniagaan jualan langsung: Antara pengorbanan, cabaran dan peluang

CYRIL SUPAIN CHRISTOPHER — Wed, 24 Jun 2026 10:34:01 +0000

Malaysia adalah antara negara yang mempunyai pasaran jualan langsung yang aktif di Asia. Menurut Direct Selling Association of Malaysia (DSAM) dan World Federation of Direct Selling Associations (WFDSA), industri ini menyumbang berbilion ringgit setiap tahun kepada ekonomi negara. Beberapa syarikat antarabangsa dan tempatan yang terkenal seperti Amway, Cosway, Tupperware,Mary Kay, Farmasi dan Elken beroperasi secara aktif di sini. Kajian awal ini merungkai apakah faktor-faktor yang mengalakkan kaum wanita di Malaysia khususnya di negeri Sabah menceburkan diri didalam perniagaan jualan langsung. Sejumlah 37 responden dikalangan peniaga jualang langsung terlibat didalam pengumpulan data ini secara temuduga bersemuka mahupun secara atas talian. Diakhir kajian ini, kita dapat melihat potensi dan cabaran-cabaran bagi golongan wanita di Sabah untuk melibatkan diri didalam dunia perniagaan khususnya perniagaan jualan langsung.

KATA KUNCI: perniagaan JUALAN LANGSUNG, “DIRECT SELLING”, USAHAWAN WANITA

P019 Paradigma Wasathiyah : Penghapusan Stigma Sosial Terhadap Penyandang Disabilitas

Akhmad Kamil Rizani — Thu, 25 Jun 2026 04:39:19 +0000

Abstract

This article explores the wasathiyah paradigm as an effort to remove social stigma against persons with disabilities. People with disabilities are a social group that is often the target of marginalisation because since they are prejudiced, people with disabilities have received various stereotypes. Disability as an object of social stigma in Indonesia is a complex phenomenon that includes interactions between individual, social, cultural and structural factors. The main reason why people with disabilities face stigma is the lack of public understanding and awareness about disability. Concrete steps are needed to overcome this, such as implementing the wasathiyah paradigm, especially the principles of justice and tolerance. The method used in this research is qualitative research with a literature study research type. The literature research approach involves collecting and analysing data from various literature related to the wasathiyah paradigm as an effort to eliminate social stigma against people with disabilities. The results of this study show that the wasathiyah paradigm, particularly the principles of justice and tolerance, contributes greatly to efforts to eliminate social stigma against persons with disabilities. It begins with affirmative action as a manifestation of restorative justice until it develops into distributive justice. In addition, tolerance is the basic foundation of the inclusion method that guarantees equality and respect for differences inherent in diversity.

Keywords:

Paradigm; Wasathiyah; Elimination; Social Stigma; Persons with Disabilities.

P020 Digital Transformation and Entrepreneurial Resilience among SMEs in Sabah, Malaysia: Evidence from Government Business Development Support Initiatives

MOHAMMAD FIRDAUS MOHAMAD — Fri, 26 Jun 2026 06:18:40 +0000

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in Sabah’s economic development by contributing to employment generation, entrepreneurship development, and local economic activities. However, SMEs in Sabah continue to face challenges related to digital readiness, limited access to resources, and market uncertainties. To address these issues, the government has implemented various Business Development Support (BDS) initiatives, including financial assistance, training programmes, advisory services, and digitalisation support. This study examines the role of government BDS initiatives in promoting digital transformation and enhancing entrepreneurial resilience among SMEs in Sabah. The study adopts a qualitative secondary data analysis approach using reports and statistical publications from the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM), SME Corporation Malaysia, SME Bank, and Malaysia Digital Economy Corporation (MDEC) published between 2020 and 2025. The findings suggest that digital transformation has become an important driver of SME resilience by improving operational efficiency, market accessibility, and business adaptability. Government support programmes have facilitated the adoption of digital technologies among SMEs; however, challenges such as infrastructure limitations and uneven digital capabilities remain. The study highlights the importance of strengthening targeted support initiatives to accelerate digital transformation and promote sustainable SME growth in Sabah.

P021 Etika Akademik di Era Digital

Muhammad Hardi Rahman, Muhammad Rino, Muhammad Arsad Fadilah, Muhammad Syukri — Fri, 26 Jun 2026 15:03:54 +0000

Pemanfaatan teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI) seperti ChatGPT dan Gemini telah membawa transformasi besar dalam dunia akademik perguruan tinggi. Di satu sisi, teknologi ini menawarkan efisiensi dalam pencarian informasi, namun di sisi lain memicu tantangan serius terkait etika akademik dan potensi ketergantungan digital. Fenomena ini menjadi sangat krusial bagi mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar (PGSD) yang dipersiapkan sebagai calon pendidik yang wajib menjunjung tinggi nilai integritas dan moralitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi mahasiswa PGSD mengenai batasan etika akademik dalam penggunaan ChatGPT dan Gemini, serta mengukur tingkat ketergantungan mereka saat menyelesaikan tugas-tugas perkuliahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan survei lapangan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Universitas Sapta Mandiri dengan populasi dan sampel fokus pada mahasiswa aktif prodi PGSD. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner daring berstruktur (skala Likert) untuk menjaring data primer terkait pandangan mahasiswa dan frekuensi penggunaan AI. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif untuk melihat persentase kecenderungan persepsi dan tingkat ketergantungan responden. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran objektif mengenai perilaku digital mahasiswa calon guru di Universitas Sapta Mandiri, serta menjadi bahan evaluasi bagi program studi dalam merumuskan regulasi atau panduan pemanfaatan AI yang bijak tanpa mengorbankan orisinalitas akademik.

Keywords: Etika Akademik, Ketergantungan AI, ChatGPT, Gemini AI, Mahasiswa PGSD, Universitas Sapta Mandiri.

P022 Ketergantungan Kognitif Berbasis Artificial Intellegence (AI) dan Ancaman Budaya Instan

Muhammad Syukri, M. Paissal Ari Dani, Muhammad Arsad Fadilah, M. Hardi Rahman — Fri, 26 Jun 2026 15:07:28 +0000

Kehadiran Artificial Intelegence (AI) dalam pendidikan tinggi memicu fenomena cognitive offloading, yakni ketergantungan kognitif yang memperkuat budaya instan di kalangan mahasiswa. Sebagai calon pendidik dasar yang memegang peran sentral dalam pembentukan karakter anak bangsa, mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar (PGSD) dituntut memiliki integritas moral dan ketahanan akademik yang kokoh. Namun, realitas digital saat ini menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan degradasi nilai-nilai kesabaran berproses akibat kemudahan teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis problematika ketergantungan mahasiswa terhadap AI serta merumuskan strategi revitalisasi nilai adab dan etika akademik Islam dalam pembelajaran digital. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, data dihimpun melalui observasi proses perkuliahan, wawancara, dan analisis hasil penugasan digital mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan AI yang tidak terkendali berpotensi mengikis esensi daya juang ilmiah dan nilai kejujuran akademik. Sebagai solusi, penelitian ini menawarkan kerangka integrasi etika Islam seperti nilai tawadhu’, kesabaran intelektual, dan tanggung jawab moral ke dalam standar proses pembelajaran digital. Revitalisasi ini sangat penting dilaksanakan guna mengembalikan ruh pendidikan Islam demi kelestarian ummah serta pembangunan insan kamil.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Ketergantungan Kognitif, Adab Islam, Etika Akademik

P023 ChatGPT sebagai Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris: Analisis Konten dan Relevansinya dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam

Miranda Aprilia — Sun, 28 Jun 2026 05:16:03 +0000

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT, has opened new opportunities in the field of language education, including English language learning. This study aims to analyze the content and features of ChatGPT as a medium for English language learning and to examine its relevance from an Islamic education perspective. The method employed is a content analysis of scientific literature and recent sources on the use of ChatGPT in language learning contexts. The findings indicate that ChatGPT holds significant potential as an interactive learning medium capable of supporting the development of writing, reading, and speaking skills in English. However, its use needs to be integrated with Islamic educational values, such as academic integrity, responsibility, and the moral development of students. The implications of this research are expected to serve as a reference for educators in integrating AI technology wisely and with Islamic character in the English language learning process.

P024 Adaptive Governance In Ai-Enabled Religious Technology Startups: Evidence From Agile Project Management Practices

Raziki Waldan, Fasya Perwata Pratama — Sun, 28 Jun 2026 06:41:34 +0000

The Rapid Expansion Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Has Transformed The Development Of Digital Religious Services, Requiring Organizations To Adopt Project Management Approaches Capable Of Balancing Technological Innovation, Organizational Flexibility, And User-Centered Service Delivery. Although Agile Project Management Has Been Widely Examined In Commercial Software Environments, Its Application Within Faith-Based Digital Organizations Remains Largely Unexplored. This Study Investigates How Agile Principles Emerge And Evolve In An Ai-Enabled Qur'an Learning Startup, Qara'a Indonesia, And Examines How Adaptive Project Management Supports Organizational Innovation Within A Digital Da'wah Ecosystem. A Qualitative Case Study Design Was Employed Using Semi-Structured Interviews, Organizational Observations, And Document Analysis. Data Were Analyzed Through Thematic Analysis Supported By Source Triangulation To Identify Recurring Patterns Of Adaptive Work Practices. The Findings Reveal That Organizational Agility Extends Beyond Formal Scrum Implementation And Is Embedded Through Adaptive Prioritization, Iterative Feature Development, Distributed Decision-Making, Cross-Functional Collaboration, And Digitally Mediated Coordination. Rather Than Following Standardized Agile Frameworks, The Organization Develops Context-Specific Agile Capabilities That Enable Rapid Responses To Technological Uncertainty And Changing User Expectations. These Findings Contribute To The Emerging Literature On Organizational Agility By Extending Agile Theory Into Religious Technology Contexts And Demonstrating That Agile Functions As An Organizational Capability Rather Than Merely A Software Development Methodology. Practically, The Study Offers A Framework For Faith-Based Digital Startups Seeking To Improve Innovation Capacity While Maintaining Organizational Adaptability In Rapidly Evolving Digital Environments.

Keywords: Organizational Agility; Agile Project Management; Digital Da'wah; Religious Technology; Artificial Intelligence; Digital Innovation.

P025 Kerentanan Digital dan Respons Masyarakat terhadap Sextortion di Masyarakat Urban Muslim

Filga Ayong Sari, Ria Hayatunur Taqwa, Raziki Waldan — Sun, 28 Jun 2026 06:42:52 +0000

Perkembangan pesat teknologi digital di masyarakat urban Muslim menciptakan peluang baru dalam bidang pendidikan dan partisipasi sosial, namun juga meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap kejahatan siber, khususnya sextortion. Kejahatan ini mengancam privasi individu serta bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai budaya dan agama Islam, terutama prinsip ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ (perlindungan kehormatan). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kerentanan digital dan respons masyarakat terhadap kasus sextortion di Kota Pontianak, serta menganalisis peran nilai-nilai Islam dalam membentuk kesadaran, upaya pencegahan, dan dukungan terhadap korban. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods (metode campuran) dengan menggabungkan survei terhadap 120 responden dan wawancara mendalam dengan lima informan kunci, yang terdiri atas korban, aktivis digital, aparat penegak hukum, pendidik, dan tokoh agama. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan regresi logistik, sedangkan data kualitatif dianalisis melalui analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 62,5% responden mengetahui adanya kasus sextortion, namun hanya 18,4% yang bersedia melaporkannya. Tingkat kepercayaan terhadap aparat penegak hukum tergolong rendah (22,5%), sementara sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat literasi digital pada kategori sedang (48,3%). Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa individu dengan tingkat literasi digital yang tinggi memiliki kemungkinan 2,4 kali lebih besar untuk secara aktif memberikan dukungan kepada korban. Temuan kualitatif mengungkapkan bahwa stigma, rasa malu, dan ketakutan terhadap konsekuensi sosial maupun keagamaan menjadi faktor utama yang menghambat pelaporan kasus. Di sisi lain, aparat penegak hukum masih menghadapi berbagai kendala teknis dalam penanganan perkara. Para pendidik menekankan pentingnya literasi digital sebagai strategi pencegahan, sedangkan para tokoh agama memandang sextortion melalui perspektif maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah dengan menekankan pentingnya perlindungan terhadap korban. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penanganan sextortion memerlukan pendekatan yang terintegrasi melalui penguatan pendidikan digital, pengembangan narasi keagamaan yang empatik dan tidak menyalahkan korban, serta peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan dalam pencegahan dan penanganan kejahatan siber. Dengan demikian, perlindungan terhadap kehormatan, privasi, dan martabat individu di masyarakat urban Muslim dapat diwujudkan secara lebih efektif di era digital.

Kata Kunci: Kerentanan Digital, Respons Masyarakat, Sextortion, Masyarakat Urban Muslim.

P026 The Strategi Digital Leadership Kepala Sekolah dalam Mengatasi Kesenjangan Adaptasi Teknologi Guru di Sekolah Menengah Pertama

Djoko Susilo — Sun, 28 Jun 2026 13:37:03 +0000

Transformasi digital dalam dunia pendidikan terutama sekolah menuntut kepala sekolah untuk memiliki kepemimpinan yang adaptif, namun kesenjangan adopsi dan adaptasi teknologi di kalangan guru masih menjadi tantangan dan hambatan utama dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis strategi digital leadership yang diterapkan kepala sekolah dalam mengatasi kesenjangan adaptasi teknologi guru di SMPN 3 Parenggean. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah dan guru, observasi partisipan, serta analisis studi dokumentasi di sekolah. Keabsahan data diuji melalui triangulasi sumber dan teknik, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana yaitu mulai dari reduksi data, penyajian data, hingga penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepala sekolah menerapkan pendekatan strategis melalui empat strategi utama, yaitu: (1) membangun visi digital untuk mengurangi tingkat tekanan/kecemasan teknologi (technostress) guru, (2) menginisiasi sistem pendampingan teman sejawat (buddying) antara guru mahir dan guru senior, (3) melaksanakan upskilling bertahap berbasis Training Needs Analysis (TNA) (McGehee & Thayer, 1961), dan (4) memberlakukan kebijakan administrasi berbasis digital. Jikai ditinjau dari Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989), maka strategi ini terbukti efektif meningkatkan persepsi kegunaan (perceived usefulness) dan persepsi kemudahan atau manfaat (perceived ease of use) para guru di sekolah. Kepemimpinan digital yang memadukan peningkatan kompetensi terstruktur dengan pendampingan kolaboratif mampu mempercepat adaptasi teknologi guru secara signifikan dan meminimalkan kesenjangan digital di sekolah.

P027 ULAMA KERAJAAN MEMPAWAH HABIB HUSIN AL-QADRI:

Zulkifli Zulkifli — Sun, 28 Jun 2026 23:42:03 +0000

Al-Sayyid Al-Syarif Al-Habib Husin bin Al-Habib Ahmad Al-Qadri (1706-1770 M) adalah ulama Tarim, Yaman dan menjadi mufti di Kerajaan Matan dan Mempawah. Habib Husin adalah ayah dari pendiri kerajaan Pontianak Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman Al-Qadri. Meskipun dikenal sebagai ulama mufti di dua kerajaan, namun belum banyak tulisan yang mengurai riwayat beliau. Kalaupun ada, namun sumbernya tidak dari sumber primer terpercaya. Atas dasar hal tersebut, dengan menggunakan pendekatan filologis historiografis, tulisan ini berupaya menguraikan secara singkat riwayat Habib Husin dari sumber primer berupa manuskrip yang ditulis oleh cucunya sendiri bernama Syarif Ahmad bin Syarif Abdurrahman Al-Qadri. Naskahnya berjudul Bahwa Inilah Fasal Ceriteranya Kedudukan Bangsa Al-Qadri di Mempawah dan Pontianak, ditulis di istana Kadriyah Pontianak tahun 1267 H / 1851 M. Naskah manuskrip ini berisi riwayat hidup Habib Husin dan anaknya Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman Al-Qadri. Sebagai pelengkap dan perbandingan, juga digunakan beberapa sumber sekunder naskah lokal dan dari penulis Kolonial Belanda. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa naskah manuskrip Syarif Ahmad berisi uraian tentang pengalaman Habib Husin Al-Qadri mencari ilmu, teman berkelana, tempat-tempat yang disinggahi, menjadi Qadi di kerajaan Matan serta akhir hayat dan pengabdiannya sebagai mufti di kerajaan Mempawah. Temuan berikutnya, dengan menggunakan teori otoritas dari Max Weber, maka sebagai ulama, pada sosok Al-Habib Husin Al-Qadri berpadu tiga sumber otoritas sekaligus, yaitu otoritas karismatik, otoritas tradisional, dan otoritas rasional-legal. Dalam konteks kekinian, hadirnya sosok ulama yang memiliki tiga sumber otoritas sekaligus menjadi sangat penting sebagai benteng moralitas religius di tengah arus kemajuan teknologi dan kecerdasan buatan.

P028 Enterprising Campus: A Proposed Business Model Towards Sustainability

Mon, 29 Jun 2026 04:41:51 +0000

Abstract

EnterprisingCampus is more than a hashtag; it represents the strategic business model adopted by Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sabah Branch, Malaysia. Introduced in July 2023, this initiative has driven remarkable institutional transformation, culminating in UiTM Sabah receiving a prestigious 6-star rating for the 2024–2025 assessment period. Although UiTM Sabah is a public university, its traditional focus has largely remained within the boundaries of academic activities. This conventional approach has become increasingly unsustainable in the face of significant financial constraints, including government budget reductions of approximately 30–40% from previous allocations, as well as other emerging institutional challenges. The concept of an enterprising university extends beyond commercial transactions. Enterprise is understood as purposeful and proactive behaviour that can be demonstrated across diverse contexts, with business representing only one dimension. An enterprising institution is one that transforms ideas into action, capitalises on opportunities, drives innovation, and creates meaningful organisational and societal change. This paper examines the key gaps and challenges faced by UiTM Sabah and proposes the Quintuple Helix 5Rs (QH5Rs) Model under the theme #EnterprisingCampus: Cultural, Natural and Societal Resources as a strategic framework to address these gaps. Among the key initiatives presented is the establishment of an Islamic Social Enterprise (SE) Partnership centred on the Blue Economy, which integrates economic, environmental, and social sustainability. The paper concludes by identifying eight Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for sustainability, derived from UiTM Sabah's leadership driven strategic integration framework for 2024–2028, demonstrating how an enterprising university model can strengthen institutional resilience and create long-term value for stakeholders.

Keywords: Enterprising Campus, The Quintuple Helix 5Rs Model, Islamic Social Enterprise Partnership, Critical Success Factors

P029 DINAMIKA KEARIFAN TEMPATAN DAN ADAPTASI HUKUM SYARAK DALAM MASYARAKAT MELAYU BRUNEI

Matussein Hj Jumat — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 04:48:36 +0000

Kajian ini meneliti dinamika kearifan tempatan yang mencorak gaya kehidupan dan pola pemikiran masyarakat Melayu Brunei Darussalam dan bagaimana adaptasi hukum syarak turut mengembangkannya selaras dengan perubahan semasa. Sejarah bangsa dan budaya Melayu Brunei yang amat sinonim dengan penghayatan ajaran Islam telah memperkukuhkan kearifan tempatan sebagai rangka kerja budaya yang dinamik dan bertransformasi untuk mengintegrasikan hukum syarak dalam kehidupan harian tanpa mengabaikan identiti budaya asal. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif melalui kajian kepustakaan bagi membangunkan gambaran konseptual mengenai hubungan nilai-nilai kearifan tempatan Melayu Brunei dan penerapan hukum syarak dalam konteks negara. Penemuan utama menunjukkan bahawa falsafah negara Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB) bertindak sebagai tunjang kearifan tempatan walaupun cabaran era teknologi dan kecerdasan buatan (AI) memerlukan penyelerasan pendekatan hukum dan praktik sosial. Kesimpulannya, kelestarian peradaban Melayu Brunei adalah berlandaskan ajaran Islam dengan dinamik adaptasi yang mengharmonikan warisan budaya dan kerangka syariah demi kesejahteraan kehidupan beragama masyarakat tempatan.

P030 Optimizing Prompt Engineering for Arabic Text Generation: A Comparative Multi-Platform Study Utilizing PICCO, CLEAR, and PARTS Frameworks

Syaiful Mustofa, Nadia Arrifqi, Umi Machmudah — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 05:06:53 +0000

In the digital transformation era, many Arabic Language Education students directly copy texts from Artificial Intelligence (AI) for writing assignments (kitabah), unaware that AI frequently produces disorganized sentence structures when given sub-optimal prompts. Rather than replacing organic writing skills, AI should be optimized as an intelligent writing assistant through systematic prompt engineering. However, if this assistant provides flawed linguistic guidance, such a habit will ultimately impair students' authentic writing abilities and degrade the quality of Arabic language education on campus. Therefore, this study aims to determine the most optimal prompting framework among PICCO, CLEAR, and PARTS, while comparing the performance accuracy of ChatGPT and Google Gemini in generating high-quality Arabic texts. Adopting a qualitative approach, this study employs content analysis. The research objects comprise formal Arabic (fusha) text drafts generated by AI. The data collection tool utilized is the documented textual transcripts of prompt interactions structured under the guidelines of the PICCO, CLEAR, and PARTS frameworks. The collected data were then manually analyzed based on Nahwu-Sharf syntactic-morphological rules and semantic appropriateness, followed by validation through expert judgment. The findings indicate that the PICCO framework is the most optimal model for generating strict grammatical accuracy, followed by CLEAR for lexical variation, and PARTS for creative writing styles. Furthermore, ChatGPT proved to be the most compatible platform for executing PICCO-based prompts, whereas Google Gemini excelled in executing the CLEAR model. This study is limited to formal Arabic texts. Future researchers are encouraged to expand the scope to colloquial Arabic ('ammiyah) dialects.

P031 TRANSFORMASI BUDAYA MASYARAKAT BANTEN DI PONTIANAK KALIMANTAN BARAT

Fauziah - Fauziah, Muhammad Hiqqal — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 06:08:59 +0000

Kebudayaan merupakan kajian yang berkaitan erat dengan kehidupan masyarakat. sebagai hasil cipta, rasa, dan karsa manusia yang lahir melalui proses interaksi social. Indonesia, sebagai negara kepulauan yang memiliki 17.001 pulau, meliputi Sulawesi, Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantan dan Papua serta pulau-pulau kecil, dengan 700 suku bangsa. Artinya keberagaman budaya yang ada telah mewarnai Indonesia dengan jumlah penduduk 287, 2 juta jiwa, per Februari 2026 (data Stratistik Nasional, sebagai Upaya meningkatkan ketahanan budaya dan kontribusi budaya Indonesia yang memiliki nilai-nilai luhur Pancasila untuk memperkuat kepribadian Bangsa dalam peradaban dunia. Kajian paper ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan Transformasi budaya pada Masyarakat Banten dalam kehidupan mereka karena terdapat nilai-nilau filosopi kehidupan manusia symbol-simbol religious Masyarakat Banten yang tinggal/menetap di Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, sebagai Masyarakat pendatang dari Tanah Jawa Barat yang hidup harmons dg keragaman budaya /agama di Kalimantan Barat, khususnya kota Pontianak yang sangat Pluralis dengan budaya multi Kulturalnya. Hasil kajian ini, juga akan memberikan kontribus pada masyarakat Banten untuk mengembangkan budaya ini dalam kontek yang luas, terkait eksplorasi pada kelebihan yang dimiliki Masyarakat Banten pada bidang Pendidikan, sosial keagamaan serta nilai budaya yang khas dan berbeda dengan daerah lain di Indonesia. Secara geografis, Banten bukan lagi bagian dari Provinsi Jawa Barat. resmi memisahkan diri dari Provinsi Jawa Barat pada tanggal 4 Oktober 2000 sebagai provinsi ke-30 di Indonesia dengan ibu kota di Serang.

P032 Exploring The History Of Ancient Manuscripts: This is The Legendary Hikayat Nur Muhammad

Patmawati Patmawati, Nurul Wahidah, Fitri Kusumayanti, Fitri Kusumayanti — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 07:03:58 +0000

Abstrac

The purpose of this research is to trace history through the ancient manuscript entitled “Hikayat Nur Muhammad dan Nabi Bercukur dan Nabi Wafat Adanya.” The scope of the discussion includes the Saga of Nur Muhammad, the Saga of the Prophet’s Miracles, the Saga of the prophet’s Shaving, and the Saga of the Prophet’s Passing. The research method uses a philological approach, which begins with manuscript selection, followed by transliteration, translation, and interpretation of the manuscript’s content through the historical method. The research results indicate that the Hikayat Nur Muhammad covers: the beginning of creation, the emission of light in the bird analogy, and the granting of the seven layers of light to the Nur Muhammad. The tale of the propeth’s miracle through a dialogue between the prophet and King Habib bin Malik, who asked the prophet to demonstrate his miracle by calling the moon to came to him. The sage of the prophet shaving in the presense of Nur Muhammad, being shaved by the Archangel Gabriel, and wearing a cap made from the leaves of the Tunbu tree originating from heaven. The tale of the prophrt’s passing includes the prophet’s dialogue with the angels Gabriel, Malik, and Michael. The prohibition of crying over, and the messenger’s speech about debt. From the four tales, it can be concluded that the circles surrounding the Prophet Muhammad comprise the public circle, the student circle, and the secret circle.

P033 Reformulation of Zakat Regulations as a Tax Deduction

Warkhatun Najidah, Najidah, Irma Suriyani, Amsari Damanik, Fikri Aulia Raden — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 15:10:12 +0000

Articles 22 and 23 of Law No. 23 of 2011 on Zakat Management stipulate that zakat paid to BAZNAS and LAZ is deductible from taxable income, and that the payment receipt serves as proof of the deduction. Article 4, paragraph 3, of Law No. 7 of 2021 on the Harmonization of Tax Regulations affirms that zakat is exempt from taxation. Government Regulation No. 60 of 2010 specifies that zakat may be deducted from gross income. These regulations establish zakat as a deduction. Although regulations have provided scope for integrating zakat and taxes, implementation on the ground still faces various structural and administrative challenges. Using a normative legal approach and descriptive-qualitative analysis of applicable laws and regulations, as well as empirical data from official zakat institutions, this study identifies four main issues: (1) the limited number of state-recognized zakat collection agencies eligible to receive zakat that is tax-deductible; (2) a tax collection system that is not yet integrated with zakat management; (3) low awareness and understanding among Muslim taxpayers regarding the mechanism for deducting zakat from taxable income; and (4) insufficient synergy between the Directorate General of Taxes and the National Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) in the integrated reporting system. This study concludes that a more comprehensive reformulation of regulations is needed, including expanding the scope of recognized zakat institutions, simplifying administrative procedures, and strengthening information systems and public education, to achieve a fair harmonization between zakat and tax obligations for Muslims in Indonesia.

P034 Environment-Based Tourism Management: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Development from 2001 to 2025

Iin Muyasarah — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 13:35:34 +0000

This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric overview tracking the evolution of scientific research on environment-based tourism management from 2001 to 2025. Drawing on 187 publications from SINTA- and Scopus-indexed journals, the findings reveal that while academic interest has fluctuated over the past two decades, it experienced a significant surge between 2012 and 2018, followed by a sharp resurgence in 2023. The dataset comprises 17 SINTA-indexed and 170 Scopus-indexed articles, with the vast majority featured in high-impact, Q1-ranked journals. Through network visualization, the study maps out six interconnected keyword clusters centered around sustainable tourism, environmental management, ecotourism, and tourism destination. Furthermore, overlay analysis highlights ecotourism and environmental sustainability as the driving forces of contemporary discourse. Concurrently, density analysis underscores environment and tourism management as heavily saturated themes, while exposing critical, under-explored gaps in areas such as tourism impact and the physical environment. Ultimately, these insights serve as a strategic roadmap for researchers looking to navigate and shape the future of environment-based tourism studies.

P035 MASJID SEBAGAI HAB PEMBANGUNAN KOMUNITI LESTARI: MEMBANGUNKAN MODEL i-SMART MOSQUE FRAMEWORK MELALUI PROJEK AQUAPONIK LOBSTER HIJAU MODEN (FLP-GAPS 3.0) BAGI MEMPERKASA AHLI KARIAH B40 DI SABAH.

Mon, 29 Jun 2026 13:37:15 +0000

Sorotan kajian terdahulu tentang institusi masjid masih tertumpu kepada aspek tadbir urus, pengurusan kewangan dan transformasi organisasi, manakala peranannya sebagai hab pembangunan komuniti berasaskan teknologi masih kurang diberi perhatian (Ab Muin et al., 2016; Fahmi & Zulhamdi, 2023). Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan menilai keberkesanan Projek Freshwater Lobster Production–Green Aquaponic Perennial System (FLP-GAPS 3.0) sebagai model pembangunan komuniti yang mengintegrasikan institusi masjid dengan teknologi hijau, keusahawanan sosial dan kecerdasan buatan (AI) sebagai pemacu pembangunan komuniti B40 lestari di Sabah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen, pemerhatian lapangan dan temu bual separa berstruktur dengan pelaksana projek serta peserta komuniti. Dapatan awal menunjukkan bahawa FLP-GAPS 3.0 berjaya meningkatkan kemahiran peserta dalam penternakan lobster air tawar menggunakan sistem akuaponik, memperkukuh kolaborasi antara universiti, industri, institusi masjid dan komuniti, serta mewujudkan peluang penjanaan pendapatan berasaskan teknologi hijau. Kajian ini turut mengenal pasti potensi aplikasi AI dalam pemantauan kualiti air, analisis data pengeluaran dan sokongan kepada proses membuat keputusan yang lebih cekap. Kajian ini membangunkan i-SMART Mosque Framework (Islamic Smart Sustainable Mosque Community Development Model) sebagai model konseptual baharu yang mengintegrasikan maqasid al-syariah, keusahawanan sosial Islam, teknologi hijau, transformasi digital dan AI dalam pembangunan komuniti lestari. Model ini menyumbang kepada pengembangan literatur mengenai pembangunan komuniti berasaskan institusi masjid serta menyediakan kerangka praktikal bagi institusi masjid, universiti dan agensi pembangunan dalam memperkukuh kesejahteraan ummah secara inklusif dan mampan.

Kata Kunci: Masjid Lestari, FLP-GAPS 3.0, Akuaponik Lobster Air Tawar, Keusahawanan Sosial Islam, Maqasid al-Syariah, Kecerdasan Buatan (AI).

P036 PROJECT IMPACT STUDY: CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS OF THE GREEN COMMUNITY-BASED SOCIAL ENTERPRISE PARTNERSHIP IN THE WEST COAST DIVISION OF SABAH

Mon, 29 Jun 2026 14:10:01 +0000

Abstract

Community-based social enterprises (CBSEs) have increasingly been recognised as an effective mechanism for promoting sustainable livelihoods, environmental stewardship, and socio-economic empowerment among disadvantaged communities. This study evaluates the impact of the Freshwater Lobster Production–Green Aquaponics Perennial System (FLP-GAPS), an RM3.5 million flagship initiative funded by TERAJU under the Dana Pembangunan Usahawan Bumiputera and implemented by Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sabah Branch. The project integrates freshwater lobster production, green aquaponics, and perennial agriculture into a sustainable community enterprise model designed to improve the socio-economic well-being of B40 households in the West Coast Division of Sabah. An impact assessment was conducted after three years of project implementation (2023–2025) to evaluate the extent to which the project achieved its intended objectives and key performance indicators (KPIs) stipulated in the Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) between UiTM and TERAJU. Using a purposive homogeneous sampling approach, data were collected from 80 eKasih-registered participants and six landowners from six villages in the West Coast Division of Sabah who voluntarily contributed land for project implementation. The study focused on identifying the critical success factors (CSFs) that influenced project sustainability, community participation, and overall performance. The findings indicate that strong institutional collaboration, community commitment, strategic resource sharing, continuous capacity building, effective project governance, and stakeholder engagement were the principal critical success factors contributing to the successful implementation of FLP-GAPS. The project generated positive socio-economic and environmental outcomes by enhancing participants’ entrepreneurial capacity, promoting sustainable agricultural practices, and strengthening community resilience through a green social enterprise ecosystem. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on project impact evaluation and community-based social entrepreneurship by providing empirical evidence on the factors underpinning the successful implementation of integrated green enterprise initiatives. The identified critical success factors offer practical guidance for policymakers, funding agencies, higher education institutions, and community organisations in designing and implementing sustainable community grant programmes and social enterprise partnerships.

Keywords: project impact assessment; critical success factors; community-based social enterprise; green entrepreneurship; aquaponics; freshwater lobster production; Sabah

P037 The Middle Mahakam Integrated Assessment of Tropical Peatland Hydrological Functions: Scientific Evidence and Islamic Perspectives from the Middle Mahakam Peat–Lake Cascade System

Idris Mandang, Muhammad Riza, Syamsurijal Rasimeng — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 14:11:32 +0000

The Middle Mahakam Peat–Lake Cascade System, comprising Semayang and Melintang Lakes and the surrounding peatlands in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, is one of the largest tropical freshwater wetland ecosystems in Southeast Asia. Beyond its ecological significance, this landscape reflects the balance and harmony of creation bestowed by Allah as a source of life, sustenance, and environmental stability. The Holy Qur'an reminds humankind that water is the origin of all living things (Qur'an 21:30) and that humans are entrusted as stewards (khalifah) to protect the earth from degradation (Qur'an 2:30; 7:56). Guided by these principles, this study assesses the hydrological functions of the Middle Mahakam peatlands using an integrated approach combining hydrological observations, remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and hydrological modelling. The assessment evaluates groundwater levels, lake-water fluctuations, rainfall, evapotranspiration, inundation dynamics, and peat physical characteristics to understand their roles in regulating floodwaters, maintaining dry-season flows, and sustaining ecosystem resilience. The results indicate that intact peatlands function as natural water reservoirs, mitigating floods, conserving freshwater resources, and supporting biodiversity and local livelihoods. Conversely, peatland degradation diminishes these vital ecosystem services, increasing vulnerability to flooding, drought, and ecological decline. These findings demonstrate that conserving peatland ecosystems is not only a scientific necessity but also an ethical and spiritual responsibility, reflecting gratitude (shukr) for Allah's blessings and fulfilling humanity's obligation to safeguard His creation. The study contributes to sustainable water resource management while promoting the integration of scientific knowledge and Islamic environmental ethics in achieving sustainable development.

P038 TADBIR URUS KECERDASAN BUATAN DAN KESELAMATAN SIBER DALAM MEMPERKUKUH KEPERCAYAAN DIGITAL SERTA KEHARMONIAN RAKYAT KE ARAH TRANSFORMASI TEKNOLOGI MAMPAN

Mon, 29 Jun 2026 14:13:10 +0000

Perkembangan pesat kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence, AI) telah menjadi pemangkin utama kepada transformasi teknologi dalam pelbagai sektor, sekali gus mengubah cara organisasi dan masyarakat berinteraksi dalam persekitaran digital. Walaupun AI menawarkan pelbagai manfaat dari segi peningkatan kecekapan, produktiviti dan inovasi, penggunaannya turut mewujudkan cabaran baharu berkaitan keselamatan siber, perlindungan data, integriti maklumat dan tadbir urus teknologi. Ancaman seperti serangan siber berasaskan AI, kebocoran data, manipulasi maklumat serta penyebaran kandungan palsu berpotensi menjejaskan keyakinan pengguna terhadap sistem digital dan mengganggu keharmonian masyarakat. Dalam konteks Malaysia yang mempunyai masyarakat berbilang kaum, agama dan budaya, kepercayaan digital merupakan elemen penting bukan sahaja bagi menyokong penerimaan teknologi, malah bagi memastikan perpaduan dan kestabilan sosial terus terpelihara dalam era digital. Justeru, artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis peranan tadbir urus kecerdasan buatan dan keselamatan siber dalam memperkukuh kepercayaan digital serta menyokong keharmonian masyarakat dalam era transformasi teknologi. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen dan sorotan literatur daripada sumber akademik, laporan organisasi antarabangsa serta dasar berkaitan AI dan keselamatan siber. Perbincangan memfokuskan kepada cabaran tadbir urus AI, pengurusan risiko keselamatan siber, ancaman manipulasi maklumat digital serta kepentingan mekanisme kawal selia dalam mewujudkan persekitaran digital yang selamat, dipercayai dan inklusif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelaksanaan tadbir urus AI yang berkesan, disokong oleh kerangka keselamatan siber yang komprehensif dan tahap literasi digital yang baik, mampu meningkatkan kepercayaan digital serta mengurangkan risiko penyalahgunaan teknologi yang boleh menjejaskan keharmonian masyarakat. Artikel ini turut mencadangkan satu kerangka konseptual yang mengintegrasikan elemen tadbir urus AI, keselamatan siber, kepercayaan digital dan keharmonian masyarakat sebagai asas kepada transformasi teknologi yang mampan.

Kata kunci: kecerdasan buatan, tadbir urus kecerdasan buatan, keselamatan siber, kepercayaan digital, keharmonian masyarakat, transformasi teknologi.

P039 TRANSFORMASI PERADABAN DALAM ERA AI: MENANGANI KETIDAKSEIMBANGAN EKONOMI GLOBAL MELALUI PENDEKATAN KONSEPTUAL BERASASKAN MAQASID SYARIAH DALAM KONTEKS NEGARA-NEGARA BORNEO

Ahmad Ghazali Ismail — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 14:15:41 +0000

Ketidakseimbangan ekonomi global merupakan salah satu isu yang sering diperkatakan, lebih-lebih lagi dalam era teknologi dan kecerdasan buatan (AI). Pelbagai faktor dikaitkn dengan ketidakseimbangan ini, antara lain adalah kebergantungan negara kepada komoditi yang berbeza, jurang teknologi yang semakin lebar dan ketidakadilan dalam perjanjian perdagangan antara negara. Dalam konteks Borneo di mana masyarakat Islam menjadi majoriti, yang terdiri daripada Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan dan Brunei, biarpun memiliki struktur dan kekuatan ekonomi berbeza tetapi tetap ada pergantungan kepada pasaran global yang memberi kesan secara langsung kepada pekerjaan, keusahawanan dan kesejahteraan hidup. Kertas kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan ketidakseimbangan ekonomi global kepada pembangunan sosioekonomi masyarakat Islam di Borneo, dipadankan dengan peranan teknologi dan AI serta prinsip maqasid syariah sebagai panduan kepada penyelesaian bagi memperkukuh kelestarian ekonomi serantau. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan berbentuk konseptual, di mana analisis adalah berdasarkan literatur akademik, laporan ekonomi, dan dokumentasi polisi dengan memberi penekanan kepada nilai Islam dalam menggubal strategi ekonomi. Kerangka yang dicadangkan menghubungkan tiga aspek utama, iaitu ketidakseimbangan global, kelestarian sosioekonomi Islam dan pemerkasaan teknologi. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat menyumbang kepada perbincangan akademik tentang pembangunan Islam yang adil, seimbang dan lestari. Kesimpulan awal menunjukkan bahawa gabungan teknologi dan AI dengan prinsip maqasid syariah mampu memperkukuh strategi pembangunan sosioekonomi yang seimbang, sekali gus menjadikan Borneo sebagai model praktikal bagi kelestarian sosioekonomi Islam dalam menangani ketidakseimbangan ekonomi global.

P040 Identitas Hibrid Warga Indonesia-Malaysia di Tawau Malaysia dalam Bingkai Harmoni Sosial

Muhammad Hairul Saleh — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 14:16:53 +0000

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis terbentuknya identitas hibrid warga Indonesia dan Malaysia di wilayah Tawau, Malaysia dalam bingkai harmoni sosial Masyarakat perbatasan antar negara. Dalam konteks ini, individu dan komunitas mengembangkan identitas hibrid yang bersifat fleksibel, situasional, dan dinegosiasikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi partisipatif untuk memahami pengalaman hidup masyarakat perbatasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan identitas hybrid sangat dipengaruhi oleh interaksi sosial yang dinamis di antara mereka, di mana batas negara menjadi semakin kabur dalam praktik kehidupan sehari-hari. Hasil dari interaksi ini menciptakan konstruksi identitas hybrid dan menciptakan realitas sosial yang cair dalam harmoni masyarakat perbatasan antar negara.

P041 The Role of Pantun as a Cultural Medium for Multiethnic Peacebuilding in West Kalimantan: An Ethnographic Study from the Perspective of Islamic Educational Sociology

Wahab Wahab — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 14:20:14 +0000

Pantun is a form of Malay oral cultural heritage that embodies social, moral, and spiritual values essential for fostering harmonious relationships. In West Kalimantan, where diverse ethnic groups such as Malays, Dayaks, Chinese, and other communities coexist, pantun serves not only as a cultural expression but also as a medium of communication that promotes peace. This study aims to analyze the role of pantun as a medium for peacebuilding in West Kalimantan's multi-ethnic society from the perspective of the sociology of Islamic education. The research employed a descriptive method with an ethnographic approach to explore the meanings, practices, and socio-religious values embedded in the pantun tradition. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of community cultural practices. The findings reveal that pantun functions as a form of social education that promotes tolerance, mutual respect, solidarity, and peaceful conflict resolution. From the perspective of the sociology of Islamic education, pantun serves as a medium for internalizing Islamic values, including ukhuwah insaniyah (universal human brotherhood), compassion, deliberation (shura), and respect for others. Therefore, pantun makes a strategic contribution as a medium of cultural and peace education, strengthening social integration and fostering harmony within the multi-ethnic society of West Kalimantan.

P042 REGULATORY AFFIRMATION OF SHARIA-BASED BUSINESS CAPACITY TO STRENGTHEN THE SELF-RELIANCE OF ISLAMIC WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS

Warkhatun Najidah, Najidah, Irma Suriyani, irma, Khatijah Othman, Khatijah — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 14:40:10 +0000

Islamic women's organizations face complex social challenges, particularly in addressing the unmet basic needs of women. Economic self-reliance constitutes one of the fundamental pillars for strengthening the role of these organizations as agents of social transformation, education, and Islamic outreach (da'wah). However, many organizations continue to encounter significant obstacles, including limited entrepreneurial capacity, weak business governance, and the absence of comprehensive internal and legal regulatory frameworks that systematically support sustainable business capacity development. Empowering women requires not only knowledge and determination but also strategic approaches, including the financial independence of organizations to enhance institutional empowerment. This study aims to analyze the strategies adopted by Islamic women's organizations in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, and Brunei Darussalam to strengthen their financial independence. Reliance solely on government funding and donor assistance is insufficient; therefore, regulatory frameworks are needed to encourage Islamic women's organizations to develop business capacities grounded in Sharia principles to achieve sustainable economic self-reliance. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review, enriched by conceptual analysis of organizational regulations, government policy support, Sharia values, and women's empowerment practices from an Islamic perspective. The findings reveal that neither East Kalimantan nor Brunei Darussalam has established comprehensive regulations or a strategic roadmap for developing the business capacity of Islamic women's organizations. Regulatory affirmation should therefore focus on formulating organizational policies and legal frameworks that integrate Sharia-based entrepreneurship education, business competency development, professional business governance, Islamic financial literacy, digital innovation, and strategic partnership networks. These initiatives should be grounded in core Islamic values, including trustworthiness (amanah), honesty (ṣidq), justice (ʿadl), professionalism (itqān), mutual cooperation (ta'āwun), and public benefit (maṣlaḥah). Government intervention is essential in facilitating social engineering through regulations that promote organizational capacity building. The implementation of such regulations can serve as a strategic instrument to enhance human resource capacity, strengthen the sustainability of organizational business units, and expand the contribution of Islamic women's organizations to socio-economic development. This study concludes that Sharia-based regulatory frameworks function not only as administrative instruments but also as ethical foundations for developing independent, professional, and adaptive organizations capable of responding to socio-economic changes while promoting collective welfare in accordance with the Islamic principle of rahmatan lil 'alamin (mercy to all creation). The proposed regulatory model is expected to serve as a reference for Islamic women's organizations in strengthening their socio-economic resilience and institutional sustainability.

P043 Reconstructing Humanist Da'wah in the Digital Era: Building Empathy and Social Inclusion for People with Mental Disorders and the Homeless on Social Media

Cucu Cucu — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 14:43:03 +0000

Da'wah practices on social media are required to respond to the broader social environment and build audience empathy for the plight of vulnerable groups. Da'wah activities in the digital space still focus on disseminating religious messages. Da'wah content often lacks a touch of human dignity that can build empathy, leading to stigma against marginalized groups such as people with mental disorders and the homeless. To address this gap, this study aims to analyze how to reconstruct humanist da'wah as a social transformation effort capable of building empathy and social inclusion for people with mental disorders and the homeless in the digital era. This study uses a qualitative approach with netnography methods to understand the representation of humanist da'wah toward people with mental disorders and the homeless on social media. The unit of analysis is digital content featuring rescue, rehabilitation, mentoring, and training activities for people with mental disorders and the homeless broadcast through social media platforms. The research findings show that the representation of humanist da'wah has shifted the meaning of da'wah from a communicative activity to a practice of social transformation oriented toward enlightenment, restoration, and empowerment of marginalized groups. Humanist da'wah content has been shown to foster empathy and participation in social rehabilitation. The main finding of this study is the emergence of the Humanistic Digital Da'wah Reconstruction Model (HDRM), which illustrates the transformation process from a humanist representation to social inclusion.

Keywords: humanist da'wah, digital empathy, social inclusion, people with mental disorders (ODGJ), homelessness, social media.

P044 Systemic Environmental Injustice in River-Based Coal Transport: An Analysis from the Perspectives of Islamic Law and Environmental Justice

Haris Retno Susmiyati — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 15:35:25 +0000

Systemic Environmental Injustice in River-Based Coal Transport: An Analysis from the Perspectives of Islamic Law and Environmental Justice

^1*Haris Retno Susmiyati; ²Ahmad Nafhani; ³Gusti Fadhil FL.

¹²³ Faculty of Law, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author’s email: harisretno@fh.unmul.ac.id

Coal transport via river routes is a critical component of the logistics network for the coal extraction industry, particularly in regions characterised by extensive river networks, such as the island of Kalimantan. However, despite its role in energy distribution in Indonesia, this practice gives rise to issues of injustice, both in the policy-making process and in the implementation of legal regulations. This study aims to analyze the injustices associated with the regulation and practice of coal transport by river using the perspectives of Islamic law and environmental justice theory. Within Indonesia’s national legal framework, coal transport by river is governed by various regulations, such as those concerning shipping, environmental protection and management, and water resource management, including regulations on mineral and coal mining. Normatively, these regulations require in-depth scrutiny regarding the adequacy of their provisions; in practice, there are clear inequities, both in policy formulation, which tends to be industry-oriented, and in the marginalization of local communities, including indigenous communities dependent on the river. From an environmental perspective, Islamic law critiques these conditions through the principles of maqashid al-sharia, particularly the protection of the environment (hifz al-bi’ah), life (hifz al-nafs), and the public interest (maslahah). In Islam, humankind is positioned as khalifah, entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining the balance of nature and preventing destruction (fasad). Inequities in coal transport policies and practices that sacrifice the environment and communities constitute a violation of the principles of justice (‘adl), amanah, and social responsibility. Policies that fail to fairly consider the public interest may be deemed inconsistent with the principles of Islamic Sharia. Schlosberg’s theory of environmental justice offers a comprehensive analytical framework through three main dimensions: distribution, recognition and participation. These three dimensions highlight the existence of systemic environmental injustice. The integration of the Islamic legal perspective with the theory of environmental justice provides a more comprehensive approach to understanding and addressing the issues arising from coal transport on rivers.

Keywords: River; Coal; Transport; Environmental Justice; Islamic law;

P045 Surail Abdul Kahar @ Eting

Surail Bin Abdul Kahar @ Eting, Rashidah Binti Omar, anis syakirah binti Surail — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:56:03 +0000

Komuniti marginal di pelbagai negara masih berhadapan dengan cabaran yang kompleks, termasuk keciciran pendidikan, kemiskinan, keterbatasan peluang ekonomi, kekurangan infrastruktur asas serta pengasingan sosial. Walaupun pelbagai inisiatif pembangunan telah dilaksanakan, kebanyakannya masih bersifat sektoral dan belum menyediakan satu kerangka pembangunan komuniti yang menyeluruh, bersepadu dan lestari. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini memperkenalkan Model Pembangunan Holistik Berimpak (MPHB) sebagai satu kerangka transformasi peradaban berasaskan pembangunan komuniti yang mengintegrasikan pembangunan insan, pembangunan sosioekonomi, pengukuhan komuniti dan kolaborasi strategik berteraskan prinsip Maqasid al-Syariah. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes kualitatif dengan menjadikan Pusat Pembangunan Minda Insan (PPMI) Sabah sebagai kajian kes empirikal berdasarkan pengalaman lebih sedekad memperkasa komuniti stateless, etnik minoriti dan komuniti tercicir. Data diperoleh melalui analisis dokumen, pemerhatian lapangan dan rekod pelaksanaan program. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa pendekatan pembangunan yang bersifat holistik berjaya meningkatkan akses kepada pendidikan, memperkukuh modal insan, memperluas peluang ekonomi, mengukuhkan kapasiti komuniti serta mewujudkan mobiliti sosial yang lebih mampan. Kajian ini mencadangkan MPHB sebagai satu kerangka konseptual baharu yang menghubungkan pembangunan insan, ekonomi, infrastruktur, pengupayaan komuniti dan kolaborasi strategik dalam satu ekosistem pembangunan yang bersepadu. Model ini berpotensi dijadikan rujukan oleh NGO, institusi pendidikan, agensi kerajaan dan organisasi pembangunan antarabangsa dalam merangka strategi pembangunan komuniti marginal yang lebih inklusif, berdaya tahan dan lestari selaras dengan agenda Transformasi Peradaban, Kelestarian Ummah dan Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDGs).

Kata Kunci: Model Pembangunan Holistik Berimpak (MPHB), Pembangunan Komuniti, Komuniti Marginal, Maqasid al-Syariah, Transformasi Peradaban, Kelestarian Ummah.

P046 Dayak Deah Customary Law as Borneo Local Wisdom Amid Mining Conflicts: A Case Analysis of Muara Kate

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:57:22 +0000

This research examines the position of Dayak Deah customary law as local wisdom of the Borneo people who are dealing directly with the expansion of the coal mining industry in Muara Kate, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan. The study begins with the criminalization of the defendant Misran Toni due to his involvement in the movement against coal hauling via public roads. This research uses a doctrinal method with a case approach combined with a legal culture and living law approach. The research results found that the Dayak Deah customary legal system contains a number of fundamental principles that cannot be ignored in the criminal justice process. In the context of mining conflicts, failure to adequately read the customary context has the potential to result in the systemic criminalization of social practices that are essentially born of collective obligations. Within the framework of multiculturalism and social harmony, the state, including judicial institutions, is obliged to carry out the mandate of Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution which recognizes and respects the unity of customary law communities and their traditional rights, as well as fulfilling the obligations of judges to explore living law as mandated by the law Judicial Power. This research argues that social harmony in the multicultural Borneo region can only be realized if the formal legal system is able to dialogue on an equal basis with the customary legal system that was rooted long before the state came into existence, rather than reducing it to a threat to public order.

Keywords: customary law, Dayak Deah, local wisdom, mining conflicts.

P047 Rekonstruksi Tujuan Ekologis Wakaf (Ecological Purpose of Waqf): Perspektif Maqāṣid al-Syarī'ah terhadap Forest Waqf untuk Perlindungan Hutan Tropis Kalimantan Timur dalam Mendukung Sustainable Development Goals

Musthafa Musthafa, Haris Retno — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:59:47 +0000

Hutan tropis Kalimantan Timur memiliki peran strategis dalam menjaga keseimbangan iklim, keanekaragaman hayati, tata air, serta keberlanjutan kehidupan masyarakat. Namun, tekanan akibat alih fungsi lahan, pertambangan, dan perkebunan telah meningkatkan ancaman terhadap kelestarian hutan. Meskipun Indonesia memiliki berbagai regulasi mengenai kehutanan dan perlindungan lingkungan, hukum wakaf belum dikembangkan sebagai instrumen hukum Islam yang berorientasi pada konservasi lingkungan. Padahal, prinsip keberlanjutan manfaat (perpetual benefit) dalam wakaf memiliki kesesuaian filosofis dengan tujuan pelestarian sumber daya alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi Ecological Purpose of Waqf sebagai tujuan hukum wakaf berdasarkan maqāṣid al-syarī'ah serta menganalisis implikasinya terhadap pengembangan Forest Waqf sebagai instrumen perlindungan hutan tropis di Kalimantan Timur dalam mendukung Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, filosofis, historis, dan perbandingan. Bahan hukum yang dianalisis meliputi Al-Qur'an, Hadis, literatur fikih wakaf, teori maqāṣid al-syarī'ah, peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai wakaf, kehutanan, dan perlindungan lingkungan, serta berbagai instrumen pembangunan berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orientasi hukum wakaf di Indonesia masih didominasi paradigma filantropi sosial sehingga belum mengakomodasi perlindungan lingkungan sebagai tujuan hukum wakaf. Berdasarkan rekonstruksi maqāṣid al-syarī'ah, penelitian ini menawarkan konsep Ecological Purpose of Waqf yang dibangun atas lima prinsip, yaitu keberlanjutan ekologis, kemaslahatan publik, keadilan antargenerasi, keberlanjutan manfaat wakaf, dan tata kelola lingkungan yang bertanggung jawab. Konsep ini menempatkan Forest Waqf sebagai instrumen hukum yang bersifat komplementer terhadap rezim hukum kehutanan dan lingkungan hidup dalam mendukung konservasi hutan tropis serta pencapaian SDGs, khususnya Tujuan 13 (Climate Action) dan Tujuan 15 (Life on Land).

Kata Kunci: Hukum Wakaf, Forest Waqf, Ecological Purpose of Waqf, Maqāṣid al-Syarī'ah, Hutan Tropis, SDGs.

P048 Mahakam in Islamic Ecology: Integration of Environmental, Social, and Cultural Laws for Sustainable River Management

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 01:01:53 +0000

The Mahakam River is the lifeblood of the East Kalimantan community. Economically, the river supports the activities of fishermen, transportation, and the main mobility for coal mining transporters. Socioculturally, the Mahakam River serves as a space for community identity, a place for traditional rituals, and a source of local wisdom passed down thru generations. However, the intensification of economic utilization and industrial activities exerts serious pressure on the endemic habitats in the Mahakam River, including the Mahakam dolphin, which is a freshwater endemic species now classified as Critically Endangered. This research aims to examine the management model of the Mahakam River by integrating three pillars: national environmental law, local socio-cultural values, and Islamic Ecology principles. The method used is a qualitative-descriptive approach thru literature study, field observations in the upstream-downstream areas of the Mahakam River, and interviews with fishermen, customary leaders, and religious scholars in East Kalimantan. Data were analyzed using the maqashid syariah framework, particularly the principles of hifzh al-bi’ah and the prohibition of israf and dharar. The study results show that the conflict between human economic needs and environmental and ecosystem sustainability arises due to weak policy synergy, with river regulations being centralistic while regions still lack comprehensive regulations. On the other hand, there is local wisdom that, in terms of values, has the spirit to preserve rivers, and Islam emphasizes humans as khalifah fil ard who are responsible for maintaining the balance of nature. Therefore, the sustainability of the Mahakam River can only be realized thrugh the integration of positive law, customary law, and Islamic law to build a sustainable Islamic Ecological River Governance.

Keywords: Islamic Ecology, Rivers, Mahakam, Local Wisdom

P049 Indigenous Counseling: Problems and Coping Strategies in the Malay-Bugis Pantang-Larang in Punggur Kecil Village

Saripaini Saripaini — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 01:03:05 +0000

A holistic understanding of indigenous peoples ' perspectives is specifically discussed in the indigenous counseling scientific discussion, as a support in considering counseling intervention designs for indigenous clients. Long before the emergence of scientific discussions of psychology and counseling, indigenous peoples have developed ways of preventing and solving problems based on the results of experience and observations from generation to generation. One of the problem-solving practices ingrained in the lives of Malay-Bugis in Punggur Kecil Village is the practice of abstinence. This study seeks to understand, describe, and discuss aspects of problems and coping strategies in the Malay-Bugis in Punggur Kecil village which is illustrated through the practice of abstinence. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection was conducted through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with elders and local communities. Through research conducted on the practice of abstinence in the lives of Malay-Bugis in the village of Punggur Kecil, the researchers concluded that: (1) the problem is a situation and conditions that are not expected, both in health, finance, relationships, to problems in belief. (2) problems arise from the imbalance of actions taken by one or a group of people in the fulfillment of good and bad value standards that refer to beliefs, philosophical meanings, and culture. (3) problem coping strategies illustrated through the pantang larang practices of the Malays in Punggur Kecil village, namely: identification of problematic actions, restoration of balance, prevention of relapse.

P050 Beyond the Basics and City Limits

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 01:04:46 +0000

Women entrepreneurs are critical drivers of economic growth and community resilience, yet they consistently face systemic challenges. This is especially in digital illiteracy, socio-cultural constraints, and unequal access to resources, which hinder their ability to scale their micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). While the recent push toward digital transformation has created new opportunities for women empowerment, the transition remains deeply uneven and has impaired a stark spatial digital divide. In urban area, women entrepreneurs increasingly leverage advanced digital tools and strategic literacy to compete. However, women in rural and semi-urban areas need to survive by overcoming the compounding barriers such as poor internet connectivity, geographic isolation, and deeply entrenched reliance on manual operations. This study investigates the profound intersection of geography and key demographic drivers to determine an enterprise's true digital operational readiness. Drawing upon a multi-theoretical framework that combines the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Human Capital Theory, this research analyzes how generational differences and formal education dictate the shift from traditional manual ledgers to integrated digital accounting and cashless payment systems. Empirical evidence emphasizes that the positive effects of digitalization on business performance are significantly stronger for younger, highly educated women. Formal education equips these women with the crucial human capital and cognitive problem-solving skills required to navigate complex digital ecosystems, while age moderates the perceived ease of use and behavioral resistance associated with abandoning traditional business practices. This study utilizes quantitative survey data that maps these core demographic variables against the real-world operational realities of businesses located far from urban centers. By contrasting the continued use of manual cash books and physical payment collections against the adoption of digital software, the research moves beyond basic social media marketing to measure genuine back-office technological transition. Eventually, this research humanizes the digitalization narrative by highlighting the lived realities of digitally isolated women entrepreneurs, proving that universal, "spatially blind" digital inclusion policies frequently fail to address localized, context-specific barriers. By understanding how physical distance from city limits compounds educational limitations and generational friction, the findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, NGOs, and financial technology developers. These insights are important for designing spatially sensitive, gender-inclusive digital literacy programs that ensure all women entrepreneurs regardless of their generation, educational background, or geographical location are empowered to succeed in the modern digital economy.

P051 Talent Development and Talent Acquisition as an Approach to Core Talent Management in Uniformed Leadership in Sabah: ASystematic Literature Review

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 01:07:10 +0000

Uniformed service leadership faces challenges in retaining good uniformed staff due to market competition and talent shortages, which forces uniformed leaders to improve their human resource strategies. Organizations often look for talent development and acquisition exclusively rather than building talent inclusively. Exclusivity refers to the tendency of uniformed organizations to take top talent from outside the organization when needs arise, or if uniformed staff need to find candidates internally, only those identified as high performers within their elite group are chosen. Literature suggests that inclusive talent development and acquisition (that is, career development through training for all employees regardless of individual performance) can complement management in retaining staff. This study conducts a systematic review of articles published from 2015 to 2025 related to talent development and talent acquisition, especially inclusive building, to enable costeffective human resource management, that is, developing human talent inclusively. To what extent are talent development and talent acquisition represented in the broader talent management literature?; How do Talent Acquisition and Talent Development contribute to individual talent growth and organizational performance?; and what are the current research limitations on talent development and talent acquisition? A total of 30 articles on talent development, with 20 articles on talent acquisition, were analyzed to provide theoretical and practical insights. This review presents research gaps in inclusive talent development and talent acquisition and highlights future research directions, such as broader coverage to develop a more comprehensive scope.

P052 ISLAM DAN KEBUDAYAAN MADURA: TRADISI ROKAT TASE' SEBAGAI WUJUD AKULTURASI AGAMA DAN BUDAYA

sayyid Husin bahasyim, Muhammad Saparullah, Syahreza Hasyimi — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 01:10:19 +0000

Keywords: Rokat Tase', acculturation, Islam, Madurese culture, local tradition, fishing ritual.

Abstrak

Tradisi Rokat Tase' merupakan salah satu manifestasi nyata dari proses akulturasi antara nilai-nilai Islam dan kebudayaan lokal masyarakat Madura. Sebagai ritual syukuran laut yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun, Rokat Tase' tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai ekspresi spiritual komunitas nelayan, tetapi juga sebagai ruang sosial yang memperkuat ikatan solidaritas antar warga. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji bagaimana Islam dan kebudayaan Madura bertemu dan berpadu dalam praktik Rokat Tase', serta menganalisis proses akulturasi yang terjadi tanpa menghilangkan identitas masing-masing unsur budaya. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan perspektif antropologi budaya, kajian ini menemukan bahwa Rokat Tase' merupakan produk akulturasi yang bersifat harmonis, di mana nilai-nilai tauhid, doa, dan syukur dalam Islam terintegrasi ke dalam ritus adat lokal Madura. Proses ini mencerminkan fleksibilitas Islam dalam berdialog dengan tradisi setempat serta menunjukkan bahwa kebudayaan Madura memiliki daya adaptasi yang kuat terhadap pengaruh agama. Hasil kajian ini mengisyaratkan bahwa Rokat Tase' bukan sekadar warisan budaya, melainkan simbol hidup dari keberhasilan akulturasi agama dan budaya yang berlangsung damai dan berkelanjutan di masyarakat Madura.

Kata Kunci: Rokat Tase', akulturasi, Islam, kebudayaan Madura, tradisi lokal, ritual nelayan.

P053 KEKUATAN MULTIKULTURAL DIBATAS NEGARA INDONESIA MALAYSIA

BARRIYATI BARRI BARRIYATI — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 07:35:26 +0000

Wilayah perbatasan Indonesia dan Malaysia di tanah Borneo kurang lebih 2.019 KM dan panjang wilayah perbatasan di Kalimantan Barat sejauh 970 KM. Garis batas ini dimulai dari Tanjung Datu (Kabupaten Sambas) membentang tinggi hingga kedataran tinggi timur Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu dengan negara bagian Serawak Malaysia. Di sepanjang batas daratan Kalimantan Barat, terdapat 4 Pos Lintas Batas Negara (PLBN) yang menjadi pintu masuk resmi ke dua negara yaitu PLBN Aruk, Jagoi Babang, Entikong dan Badau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekuatan multikultural dalam menciptakan harmoni sosial di wilayah perbatasan Indonesia Malaysia. Wilayah perbatasan merupakan kawasan yang memiliki tingkat keberagaman budaya, bahasa, agama, dan adat istiadat yang tinggi sehingga memerlukan sikap toleransi dan kerja sama sosial yang baik dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Mayoritas masyarakat diperbatasan Kalimantan Barat itu bersuku dayak. Seberjalannya waktu masyarakat dari budaya, suku dan ras lain masuk kewilayah perbatasan dengan identitas mencari pekerjaan sebagai buruh migran di negara Malaysia. Multikultural menjadi salah satu faktor penting dalam menjaga hubungan sosial agar tetap harmonis di tengah perbedaan yang ada. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian meliputi masyarakat yang tinggal di wilayah perbatasan Indonesia Malaysia. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui bentuk penerapan nilai-nilai multikultural dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai toleransi, saling menghormati, kerja sama sosial, dan komunikasi antarbudaya menjadi kekuatan utama dalam menciptakan harmoni sosial di wilayah perbatasan. Masyarakat mampu hidup berdampingan secara damai meskipun memiliki latar belakang budaya yang berbeda. Selain itu, interaksi sosial yang baik antar masyarakat kedua negara turut memperkuat solidaritas dan mengurangi potensi konflik sosial. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa multikultural memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga keharmonisan masyarakat di wilayah perbatasan Indonesia Malaysia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya bersama dari masyarakat dan pemerintah untuk terus menanamkan nilai toleransi dan penghargaan terhadap keberagaman budaya demi terciptanya kehidupan sosial yang damai dan harmonis.

P054 EFEKTIVITAS SINERGI OTORITAS JASA KEUANGAN DAN BANK INDONESIA DALAM PENANGANAN FINTECH LENDING ILEGAL PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH

Ramadhani Alfin Habibie, Siti Hadijah, Siti Nazma — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The proliferation of illegal fintech lending in Indonesia, increasing from 1,200 entities in 2020 to over 4,000 in 2023, reveals weaknesses in the regulatory synergy between the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI) and raises concerns from the perspective of Islamic economic law. This study examines: (1) the conformity of illegal fintech lending practices with Islamic prohibitions of riba, gharar, and maysir; (2) the alignment of OJK-BI regulatory synergy with the principle of hifz al-mal; and (3) Islamic legal recommendations for strengthening consumer protection. Using normative legal research with conceptual and comparative approaches, the study finds that illegal fintech lending violates the objectives of Maqashid Syariah through usurious interest, psychological intimidation, and systematic data exploitation, thereby undermining hifz al-mal, hifz al-nafs, and hifz al-'aql. Although OJK-BI coordination has achieved partial success, regulatory fragmentation and the absence of a specific Islamic fintech framework limit its effectiveness. The study recommends integrating DSN-MUI fatwas into the national regulatory framework and developing a Shariah-compliant digital financial protection system.

P055 The Role of Alumni as Knowledge Transfer Agents Based on Islamic Values

SURIANI JACK, Azlina Bujang, Jati Kasuma Ali — Sat, 04 Jul 2026 16:05:13 +0000

Alumni plays a vital role as a main asset for educational institutions to engage academic quality with contributions in the form of social activities in the era of globalization. Alumni function as agents of change and leaders of transformation who do not only drive technical competence but also foster ethical values, Islamic morality, and the spirit of wasathiyah (religious moderation) to confront the phenomena of social polarization and radicalism, in the context of Islamic education. This study aims to analyze and deeply understand the roles, interaction patterns, management, and program development strategies of alumni acting as agents of naql al-'ilm (knowledge) transfer based on Islamic values and moderation (wasathiyah) principles. This study highlights a descriptive qualitative approach in which the data were gathered through in-depth interview techniques to examine the subjective experiences of alumni through participatory observation which directly witness religious moderation practices, and an expansion of digital ethnography techniques to align alumni interaction as digital footprints in virtual spaces. Data triangulation was applied to ensure the objectivity of the analysis, and the data were analyzed using thematic methods. Concurrently, the role of alumni in knowledge transfer is realized through two main pathways: face-to-face communication-based interventions (such as dialogue forums) and enculturation through digital platforms by disseminating educational content that is fair and inclusive. Through exemplary behavior, alumni are able to build dialogic bridges to reduce social friction. Nonetheless, this knowledge-sharing process faces challenges in the form of high professionalism demands (time constraints), a lack of digital literacy, the proliferation of instant religious narratives that degrade scholarly authority, and a religious understanding that remains dichotomous between religious sciences and science. In short, the contribution of alumni is highly indispensable in strengthening social cohesion and instilling religious moderation in society. Therefore, educational institutions are advised to build structured synergies, optimize competency databases, design incentive schemes for alumni who actively apply digital literacy in a moderate manner, and even train alumni in evaluating facts to shield society from exposure to disinformation and radicalism in the public sphere.

P056 Green Economic Rationality in Price Setting Among Sharia Compliant MSME in Indonesia

Ahmad Syaichoni — Tue, 07 Jul 2026 01:13:05 +0000

The global sustainability agenda has renewed scholarly interest in how economic rationality is defined and practiced, yet this discourse remains concentrated at the macro level of green sharia finance instruments such as green sukuk and Islamic green banking. Comparatively little attention has been paid to how sustainability values are internalized in the pricing decisions of micro-scale, sharia-compliant producers. This study addresses that gap by examining how green economic rationality manifests in the price-setting behavior of Muslim-owned micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative case study design, data are drawn from in-depth interviews and field observation with sharia-compliant MSME producers across the food, craft, and fashion sectors, analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive coding model. The study is grounded in the maqasid al-shariah and maslahah frameworks, positioning environmental responsibility as an extension of, rather than a departure from, Islamic socio-economic rationality in pricing. Anticipated findings include the identification of context-dependent patterns linking material sourcing choices, communal reciprocity, and price formation among producers who frame environmental consideration through religiously grounded notions of benefit and harm avoidance. The study is expected to contribute a micro-level, behaviorally grounded account of green economic rationality that complements the predominantly macro-financial literature on Islamic sustainability, while offering practical implications for MSME policy design and sharia financial institutions seeking to support environmentally responsible producer practices.

P057 Islamic Values in Artificial Intelligence: Benefits, Challenges, Mechanisms, and Comparative Governance, A Scoping Review

ROMI RAMPUN @ RAMLAN — Wed, 08 Jul 2026 14:27:02 +0000

Purpose: The rapid diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) necessitates culturally and ethically grounded governance, particularly in Muslim-majority contexts. This scoping review examines the potential benefits, challenges, and comparative mechanisms of developing AI systems that incorporate Islamic principles and values, addressing critical knowledge gaps regarding the operationalisation of these values and their comparative efficacy against secular frameworks. Design/methodology/approach: Guided by the PRISMA-ScR framework, a scoping review was conducted. A comprehensive search yielded 309 records, supplemented by 41 records through citation chaining, totalling 350 candidate papers. Following relevance scoring, 127 highly relevant studies were included. Data were analysed using evidence charting, descriptive mapping, and thematic synthesis. Findings: The review identifies a paradigm shift from normative aspirations to mechanism-first governance. Dominant themes include Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah-based ethical grounding, the operationalisation of justice and privacy, and the imperative of human-in-the-loop oversight. While benefits such as enhanced transparency and compliance are evident in Islamic finance and public services, significant challenges persist, notably algorithmic bias, privacy erosion, and epistemic authority displacement in religious guidance. Comparative analysis reveals that Islamic frameworks offer distinctive spiritual accountability (amānah) but require stronger operational metrics to integrate with global risk-based approaches. Originality/value: This review provides a comprehensive mapping of Islamic AI ethics, transitioning the discourse from philosophical alignment to enforceable, mechanism-level governance. It offers an integrated conceptual framework for practitioners and policymakers to operationalise Islamic values into auditable AI design constraints.

P058 Kompleks Asnaf Warga Emas Berasaskan Dana Zakat di Atas Tanah Wakaf di Pahang: Satu Kajian Kes

Sat, 11 Jul 2026 14:42:52 +0000

Kajian ini membincangkan tadbir urus kompleks asnaf warga emas di Pahang sebagai satu model kebajikan Islam yang menggabungkan penggunaan dana zakat dan tanah wakaf bagi memenuhi keperluan golongan warga emas fakir miskin. Berbeza dengan konsep perumahan asnaf berkeluarga, kompleks ini berfungsi sebagai pusat penempatan dan penjagaan khusus kepada warga emas yang susah, terlantar, tiada waris atau mempunyai waris yang tidak berkemampuan menjaga mereka. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep pelaksanaan, bentuk tadbir urus pembiayaan, kriteria kelayakan penghuni, hak manfaat serta cabaran kelestarian pengurusan kompleks tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui reka bentuk kajian kes. Data diperoleh melalui temu bual separa struktur bersama informan agensi zakat di Pahang dan dianalisis secara tematik. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa tanah wakaf berperanan sebagai tapak pembangunan kompleks, manakala dana zakat fakir miskin digunakan bagi pembinaan, operasi, gaji kakitangan, penjagaan penghuni dan kos pengurusan. Penghuni tidak diberikan pemilikan penuh terhadap tanah atau bangunan, sebaliknya menikmati hak manfaat secara percuma sepanjang masih memenuhi kriteria kelayakan dan memerlukan perlindungan. Tadbir urus kompleks turut melibatkan kerjasama antara JKM, KKM, hospital dan Majlis Ugama Islam Pahang (MUIP) berkaitan dalam proses rujukan, siasatan, pemantauan dan penjagaan penghuni. Walau bagaimanapun, kelestarian model ini berdepan cabaran seperti kos operasi berterusan, kapasiti terhad, senarai menunggu dan pengurusan ragam penghuni warga emas. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa model Pahang memperlihatkan integrasi praktikal antara zakat dan wakaf dalam menyediakan perlindungan sosial kepada asnaf warga emas, namun memerlukan tadbir urus operasi yang tersusun, dinamik dan mampan.

P059 Transformasi Warisan Intelektual Islam di Borneo melalui Digitalisasi Manuskrip Berbasis Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Baidhillah Riyadhi Riyadhi — Mon, 13 Jul 2026 06:38:11 +0000

Warisan intelektual Islam di Borneo yang terekam dalam manuskrip beraksara Arab, Jawi, dan Arab-Melayu merupakan khazanah penting yang merepresentasikan perkembangan pemikiran, pendidikan, dakwah, hukum Islam, dan budaya masyarakat Muslim di kawasan Borneo. Namun, perkembangan zaman, keterbatasan akses, kerentanan fisik manuskrip, serta belum optimalnya upaya digitalisasi menjadi tantangan dalam menjaga keberlanjutan warisan tersebut. Di sisi lain, kemajuan Artificial Intelligence (AI) menawarkan paradigma baru dalam preservasi, dokumentasi, dan diseminasi manuskrip sehingga membuka peluang transformasi warisan intelektual Islam ke dalam ekosistem digital yang lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep transformasi warisan intelektual Islam melalui digitalisasi manuskrip berbasis AI serta menjelaskan relevansinya terhadap upaya pelestarian peradaban Islam di Borneo. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode library research, melalui telaah kritis terhadap buku, artikel ilmiah, prosiding, dokumen kebijakan, dan literatur yang membahas manuskrip Islam, filologi, digital humanities, preservasi digital, serta perkembangan teknologi AI. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis dan sintesis konseptual untuk membangun kerangka pemikiran mengenai integrasi AI dalam pelestarian manuskrip Islam. Kajian menunjukkan bahwa AI memiliki potensi strategis dalam mendukung digitalisasi manuskrip melalui pengenalan aksara (optical character recognition dan handwritten text recognition), transliterasi otomatis, klasifikasi naskah, ekstraksi metadata, pencarian semantik, serta pengembangan repositori digital yang lebih adaptif. Dalam perspektif digital humanities, pemanfaatan AI tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai instrumen teknologi, tetapi juga sebagai sarana memperluas akses terhadap warisan intelektual Islam, memperkuat jejaring kolaborasi akademik lintas negara di kawasan Borneo, dan mendorong lahirnya kajian-kajian interdisipliner. Meskipun demikian, implementasinya memerlukan perhatian terhadap aspek autentisitas naskah, standar digitalisasi, etika penggunaan AI, serta penguatan kompetensi filologi digital. Kajian ini menegaskan bahwa transformasi warisan intelektual Islam di Borneo tidak sekadar berorientasi pada konversi manuskrip ke dalam format digital, tetapi juga pada pembangunan ekosistem pengetahuan yang mampu menjamin keberlanjutan, aksesibilitas, dan pemanfaatan khazanah manuskrip bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan peradaban Islam di era kecerdasan buatan.

Kata kunci: Warisan Intelektual Islam, Manuskrip Borneo, Digitalisasi Manuskrip, Artificial Intelligence, library research, digital humanities.

P060 PREDICTIVE HALAL ASSURANCE: UTILIZING MACHINE LEARNING FOR REAL-TIME FRAUD DETECTION AND RISK MITIGATION IN GLOBAL FOOD SUPPLY CHAINS.

MUHAMAD FIKRI BIN ISMAIL, DR.MOHD ASYRAF BIN YUSOF — Tue, 14 Jul 2026 02:14:36 +0000

The traditional method of halal auditing is mostly retrospective, focusing on past documentation and frequent physical checks. That renders it exposed to the risk of transient contamination or intentional deception in an era of rapid worldwide trade and difficult sourcing of ingredients. In this research we suggest a conceptual change from static certification to predictive halal assurance using Machine Learning (ML) approaches. The proposed ML system evaluates past supply chain data, border refusal records, ingredient pricing anomalies and geopolitical upheavals to foresee and detect high-risk regions in the halal logistics chain before contamination happens. The study is based on a qualitative conceptual framework that integrates the existing literature on predictive food safety systems and modifies it to fit within rigorous shariah compliant frameworks. The findings reveal that with predictive AI, authorities may move from reactive enforcement to proactive prevention in halal governance. This tech-driven monitoring greatly improves the durability of the global halal ecosystem, and protects the sanctity of the ummah’s consumption in a digitalised civilization.

P061 Preserving Indigenous Customary Law in Sabah

Lenny James Matah, Rafidah @Malissa Salleh, Azhani Binti Arshad — Tue, 14 Jul 2026 02:15:54 +0000

Indigenous customary law constitutes an integral component of Sabah's legal pluralism and embodies the cultural identity, traditions, and social values of its indigenous communities. Within this plural legal framework, the Native Courts function as a specialised institution entrusted with the administration and preservation of customary law through the adjudication of disputes involving indigenous customs and practices. Despite their continued legal recognition, the role of the Native Courts in safeguarding indigenous customary law faces increasing challenges arising from socio-economic transformation, modernization, legal uncertainty, jurisdictional limitations, and the growing interaction between customary and civil legal systems. These developments raise important questions regarding the effectiveness and future relevance of the Native Court system in preserving Sabah's indigenous legal heritage. This paper examines the role of Native Courts in preserving indigenous customary law in Sabah within the broader context of Malaysia's plural legal system. The study adopts a doctrinal legal research methodology involving the analysis of primary legal materials, including the Native Courts Enactment 1992, related subsidiary legislation, judicial decisions, and constitutional provisions, together with secondary sources such as academic writings, government reports, and policy documents. Through qualitative content analysis, the paper identifies the principal legal and institutional challenges affecting the administration of indigenous customary law and evaluates potential measures for strengthening the effectiveness of the Native Court system. The paper argues that Native Courts continue to play a significant role in preserving indigenous customary law and cultural heritage in Sabah. However, continuous legal and institutional reforms are necessary to enhance their consistency, capacity, and legitimacy within Malaysia's evolving plural legal order. The study contributes to ongoing discourse on indigenous justice, legal pluralism, and the preservation of local cultural heritage in Sabah.

P062 A Influence of Cocopeat Content on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Cement Bricks

Hazman Seli — Tue, 14 Jul 2026 02:18:13 +0000

Rapid population growth has accelerated construction activities, resulting in an increased demand for cement bricks and greater consumption of natural resources, particularly sand. This has intensified the need for sustainable alternative materials in brick production. This study investigates the effect of incorporating cocopeat as a partial replacement for sand on the physical and mechanical properties of cement bricks. Cement bricks were produced using a cement-to-sand ratio of 1:3 with cocopeat replacement levels of 0%, 2.5%, 3%, 5%, and 7.5% by weight of sand and were water-cured for 28 days. The bricks were evaluated in terms of compressive strength, bulk density, water absorption, and dimensional stability. The results showed that the control mix achieved the highest compressive strength of 36.9 MPa, while the incorporation of cocopeat reduced the strength to 33.9, 27.3, and 24.9 MPa at replacement levels of 2.5%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. Despite the reduction in strength, the addition of cocopeat significantly decreased the dry bulk density from 2.32 g/cm³ to 1.27 g/cm³ at 7.5% replacement, representing approximately a 45% reduction in brick weight. Water absorption increased from 4.7% for the control mix to 34.7% at 7.5% cocopeat content due to the porous and hygroscopic characteristics of cocopeat. However, replacement levels of 2.5–3% produced water absorption values of 14–15%, satisfying the requirements of the Malaysian Standard while maintaining an acceptable balance between strength, density, and durability. These findings suggest that incorporating 2.5–3% cocopeat as a partial sand replacement is a promising approach for producing lightweight and environmentally sustainable cement bricks without significantly compromising their engineering performance.

P063 SME Innovative Performance via Influence of Empowering Leadership and Organizational Learning on Night Market Sellers in Sarawak with Mediating Role of Innovative Work Behaviour

Ahmad Faisal Bin Mahdi — Tue, 14 Jul 2026 02:59:14 +0000

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Sarawak, particularly night market sellers, face significant challenges in maintaining competitiveness within an increasingly digital economy. This study examines the influence of empowering leadership and organizational learning on SME innovation performance, with innovative work behaviour serving as a mediating mechanism. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was employed, utilizing simple random sampling to collect data from 30 night market sellers in Kuching, Sarawak. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS. The findings reveal that organizational learning demonstrates a strong positive relationship with innovative work behaviour (β = 0.901, p < 0.05), while empowering leadership exhibits a more modest effect (β = 0.257, p = 0.00). Furthermore, innovative work behaviour significantly mediates the relationship between both empowering leadership and organizational learning on SME innovation performance. The model explains 68.4% of the variance in SME innovation performance when examining the EL-IWB-SME_IP pathway and 59.8% for the OL-IWB-SME_IP pathway. These findings underscore the critical importance of fostering learning-oriented cultures and encouraging innovative behaviours among employees to enhance the competitive position of night market sellers in Sarawak's evolving digital landscape.

P064 Tadbir Urus Kelestarian Ekosistem Pertanian: Kajian Kes Pengurusan Biodiversiti dan Peranan Komuniti di FELDA Pasoh

Afifah Adani Mohd Zamri — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 06:44:19 +0000

The rapid development of the agricultural sector often poses significant challenges to the conservation of local ecosystems and biodiversity. This study is conducted to examine environmental sustainability governance focusing on management in the FELDA Pasoh area. It is an innovative AI system designed to bring nature back to Malaysia’s palm oil plantations. The main problem today is the heavy use of chemical rat poisons, which kill not only pests but also helpful wildlife like owls and eagles. This breaks the natural food chain and damages the environment. To fix this, This study introduces a solar-powered "Smart Barn" equipped with simple AI cameras and sensors. This system monitors barn owls as they hunt rats naturally, sending real-time data to a farmer's phone. By proving that owls are effective "natural workers," farmers can confidently stop using toxic chemicals. This product has high commercial potential because it helps plantation companies get MSPO and RSPO certifications, which are required to sell palm oil globally at better prices. It is a win-win solution: humans save money on chemicals, and wildlife gets a safe home. This study aligns perfectly with SDG 15 (Life on Land) by protecting biodiversity, SDG 12 (Responsible Production) by removing harmful toxins, and SDG 9 (Industry & Innovation) by using smart technology to create a greener, more sustainable future for Malaysia.

P065 Navigating Identity and Inclusion: The Trajectory of Bidayuh Muslim Converts and Fiqh al-Ta’ayush

AIZA BINTI JOHARI, CAESAR DEALWIS, AFFIDAH BINTI MORNI, ADIB BIN SARKAWI — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 06:44:56 +0000

Sarawak, Malaysia, is uniquely characterised by high ethnic and religious diversity, and interethnic marriage is relatively prevalent. Such unions include marriages between Malays and indigenous groups such as Iban and Bidayuh, as well as between other ethnic communities. Thus, this study investigates how Bidayuh Muslim converts navigate socio-religious friction and familial rejection following their conversion. Utilising a qualitative research design, the data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with four Bidayuh Muslim converts to capture their lived experiences and coping mechanisms. The thematic analysis highlights a distinct three-phase trajectory of identity negotiation: Dual Disconnection, where the converts face isolation from both their non-Muslim families and the mainstream Muslim community; Cultural Preservation, characterised by an active resistance to total assimilation into Malay cultural norms; and Active Boundary Negotiation, where initial familial hostility transitions into a structured period of adjustment. By employing the Islamic legal framework of Fiqh al-Ta’ayush (Jurisprudence of Co-existence) within the realm of Muamalat (social relations), the converts intentionally negotiate boundaries, such as selective participation in cultural festivities. Ultimately, this qualitative inquiry demonstrates how the Muslim converts successfully preserve their intrinsic Bidayuh heritage, while fulfilling Islamic filial obligations, and thereby acting as crucial inter-communal mediators that foster broader social harmony.

P066 Peranan Mutawalli dalam Pengurusan Wakaf Tunai

Nor Alhana Abd Malik, Amir Abrar Abd Latif, Razizi Tarmuji — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 06:45:43 +0000

Mutawalli memainkan peranan penting dalam memastikan kelestarian manfaat wakaf tunai sebagai instrumen pembangunan sosioekonomi ummah. Namun, sorotan literatur menunjukkan bahawa perbincangan sedia ada lebih memfokuskan kepada pengurusan institusi wakaf, sedangkan analisis terhadap peranan dan tanggungjawab mutawalli menurut perspektif fiqh dan perundangan masih terhad. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep, peranan dan tanggungjawab mutawalli dalam pengurusan wakaf tunai berdasarkan perspektif fiqh Islam dan Enakmen Wakaf (Negeri Sabah) 2018. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah kepustakaan dengan menganalisis sumber primer dan sekunder menggunakan analisis kandungan serta analisis doktrinal. Analisis menunjukkan bahawa mutawalli memikul tanggungjawab syarie dalam memelihara harta wakaf (hifz al-mal), mengurus dan melaburkan dana secara patuh syariah, serta mengagihkan manfaat kepada penerima manfaat wakaf. Analisis juga menunjukkan bahawa pelaksanaan fungsi tersebut perlu berteraskan prinsip amanah, integriti, ketelusan dan akauntabiliti. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pembentukan kerangka tadbir urus mutawalli yang mengintegrasikan prinsip fiqh dan perundangan bagi memperkukuh pengurusan wakaf tunai di Malaysia.

P067 Pesta Kaul Mukah Antara Adat dan Agama: Analisis Menurut Perspektif Pengajian Islam dan Pemikiran Kontemporari

AHMAD TIRMIZI KRAM — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 06:47:02 +0000

The Kaul Festival is a traditional celebration of the Melanau community in Mukah, Sarawak, symbolising gratitude, communal solidarity, and the preservation of cultural heritage. Historically, the festival was associated with ritual practices rooted in pre-Islamic beliefs, including offerings to supernatural entities believed to govern nature and the sea. With the spread of Islam among the Melanau community, many ritual elements have undergone significant transformation, while the festival continues to be promoted as a cultural tourism event. This development raises important questions regarding the relationship between cultural preservation and Islamic principles, particularly in matters concerning aqidah, ʿurf (custom), and maqaṣid al-shariah. This conceptual study analyses the Kaul Festival through the framework of Islamic Studies and Contemporary Thought by examining historical records, scholarly literature, Islamic legal principles, and official documents. Employing qualitative library research and content analysis, the study finds that Islam recognises local customs provided they do not contradict the Qur'an, Sunnah, and the objectives of Islamic law. Cultural expressions such as traditional games, arts, cuisine, and communal gatherings may therefore be maintained as legitimate cultural heritage, whereas ritual practices involving superstitious beliefs or acts that compromise Islamic monotheism require critical reassessment. The study proposes a contextual approach that balances cultural preservation with the protection of Islamic faith, contributing to contemporary discourse on the Islamisation of indigenous traditions in multicultural societies.

P068 KEKUATAN MULTIKULTURAL DIBATAS NEGARA INDONESIA MALAYSIA

BARRIYATI BARRIYATI, Hesty Nur Rahmi — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 06:47:46 +0000

P069 From Supply Chain Literacy to Moral Consciousness

AZIMAH DAUD, Azilah Anis, Azlina Muhammad, Hazwani Che Abdullah — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 07:56:28 +0000

Contemporary global supply chains have become increasingly intertwined with complex ethical, humanitarian and socio-economic challenges, requiring graduates to navigate issues of justice, accountability and human dignity beyond technical competence. Despite growing emphasis on ethics in higher education, contemporary educational practices remain largely competency-driven, providing limited opportunities for learners to critically interrogate the moral implications of global production and consumption systems. Grounded in Critical Pedagogy, this study examines how supply chain literacy can serve as an authentic pedagogical medium for cultivating moral consciousness among undergraduate students. Guided by a critical interpretivist paradigm, this study employed a qualitative critical pedagogical case study involving 99 undergraduate students from a Malaysian public university. Students participated in an authentic inquiry-based learning experience designed to critically examine contemporary ethical challenges embedded within global supply chains. Multiple sources of evidence, including student-produced learning artefacts, reflective narratives and lecturer reflective journals, were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis informed by Freire's concept of critical consciousness. The analysis revealed a progressive transformation in students' perspectives from viewing supply chains primarily as operational systems towards recognising their ethical, humanitarian and societal implications. Four interconnected themes emerged: (i) critical questioning of value-neutral assumptions surrounding supply chains; (ii) recognition of hidden structures of responsibility, power and complicity; (iii) development of moral consciousness grounded in Islamic ethical values; and (iv) emergence of ethical agency reflected in students' commitment to responsible professional and consumer practices. As the study was conducted within a single institutional context, further research across diverse educational settings is recommended to enhance transferability. The findings provide educators and curriculum developers with an evidence-informed pedagogical framework for integrating authentic ethical inquiry into contemporary education, enabling learners to develop moral consciousness through engagement with real-world global challenges. This study extends contemporary education by positioning supply chain literacy as a transformative pedagogical mechanism for developing moral consciousness, offering a novel integration of Islamic educational philosophy, Critical Pedagogy and inquiry-based learning.

P070 Naratif Budaya dan Komunikasi Simbolik dalam Rumah Tradisional Adat Perpatih: Analisis Berasaskan Prinsip Estetika Melayu Zakaria Ali

ZULKIFLI ABD LATIFF, Azhar Ab Wahab — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 14:41:54 +0000

Artikel ini meneroka penerapan naratif budaya dengan pendekatan prinsip estetika Melayu yang diperkenalkan oleh Zakaria Ali (1987) dalam seni bina rumah tradisional masyarakat Adat Perpatih di Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan. Budaya sentiasa berkomunikasi dan ianya tidak semestinya menggunakan perkataan. Walaupun seni bina rumah tradisional Melayu telah banyak dibincangkan dari sudut sejarah, tipologi dan fungsi ruang, kajian yang mengaplikasikan prinsip estetika Melayu sebagai kerangka analisis empirikal masih terbatas. Justeru, kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif eksploratori berasaskan kajian kes dengan melibatkan pemerhatian lapangan, temu bual separa berstruktur dan analisis dokumen terhadap dua tapak kajian utama, iaitu Rumah Warisan Norlida dan Istana Seri Menanti. Data dianalisis secara tematik dengan memetakan dapatan kepada enam prinsip estetika Melayu, iaitu berlambang, berguna, halus, bersatu atau harmoni, berlawan dan bermakna. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa prinsip estetika Melayu bukan sahaja membentuk keindahan visual seni bina, malah berfungsi sebagai medium penyampaian nilai adat, falsafah hidup dan identiti masyarakat Adat Perpatih. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pengukuhan teori estetika Melayu sebagai alat analisis seni bina warisan serta membuka ruang kepada penyelidikan lanjutan dalam bidang seni bina tradisional dan kontemporari.

P071 Reimagining Science Education: Pre-Service Science Teachers' Multiple Perspectives on Nationally Oriented Science for Smart Citizenship

Wirawan Fadly — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 14:42:29 +0000

By paying attention to issues involving socioscientific and sociocultural, the ability to understand environmental crises, inequalities in social interaction due to technology and national identity crises due to the current of globalization increases the tendency of a nationalist insight to decline within Indonesian citizens themselves. This decline resulted in a lack of concern for the environment and social interaction with people around him. For this reason, the need for alternative solutions through science learning to foster national insight. In this study, participants consisted of natural science students who had brought teaching practices in several junior high schools and had completed all science courses that were completed in more than 7 semesters. Data collection was carried out through a survey using a questionnaire and then analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results of the analysis are then followed up in a semi-structured interview stage about the role of scientific knowledge in environmental, social and national insights and effective science learning used in enhancing national outlook. The results show that scientific knowledge plays a greater role in social care followed by a loving attitude towards the homeland, and the last concern for the environment. Based on these findings, science learning must be directed at efforts to empower science education for the sustainability and reform of the smart citizenship movement as a solution that can be applied in the development of school science curricula.

P072 Transforming Culture-Based Learning in the AI Era: Virtual Reality-Assisted ETHNO-STREAM Design to Strengthen Science Literacy and Religious Understanding

Ratna kumala dewi, Muhammad Muntahibun Nafis, Mukhamad Rikza — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 14:43:19 +0000

The transformation of technology and artificial intelligence demands educational innovation that integrates science, culture, technology, and religious values. This study aims to develop an integrated inquiry model ETHNO-STREAM (Ethno-Science, Technology, Religion, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) assisted by Virtual Reality (VR) oriented towards SDGs to improve students' scientific literacy and religious understanding. The study uses an explanatory mixed method approach through exploration of local wisdom, prototype development, expert validation, practicality testing, and effectiveness testing. The exploration results indicate that Javanese, Balinese, and Lombok gamelan have the potential to become an interdisciplinary learning context that integrates scientific knowledge, technology, religious values, art, and culture. The model obtained an average validity score of 3.65 with a very valid category and a practicality score of 3.60 with a practical category. The effectiveness test through implementation on PGMI students showed a dominant response of agree and strongly agree above 70% in most indicators. This model is able to increase engagement, motivation, creativity, critical thinking skills, understanding of religious values through local culture, appreciation of diversity, and the ability to integrate science, technology, and Islamic teachings. The use of VR also creates a more immersive, contextual, interactive, and collaborative learning experience. The VR-assisted ETHNO-STREAM model developed in this study is valid, practical, and effective as a transformative learning innovation to support SDGs 4, SDG 11, and SDG 16 while strengthening scientific literacy, religious understanding, cultural sustainability, and religious harmony in the era of technology and AI.

P073 Mapping the Rumah Ngaji Movement in Sarawak: A Preliminary Study

Fareiny Morni, Fatimah Bujang, Erimalida Yazi — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 14:45:02 +0000

Rumah Ngaji is a community-based Qur’anic learning movement that promotes engagement with the Qur’an through the approach of Baca, Faham dan Amal al-Quran—reading, understanding and practising the Qur’an. The movement provides flexible learning spaces through homes, mosques, surau, community facilities, educational institutions and other local settings. In Sarawak, Rumah Ngaji has developed through grassroots organisers, volunteer teachers, local learning centres and collaboration with public and Islamic institutions. In Sarawak, the movement has developed through grassroots organisers, volunteer teachers, local learning centres and partnerships with public and Islamic institutions. This paper utilizes a mixed-method study of the Rumah Ngaji Movement in Sarawak. The study has two objectives: first, to explore the motivations behind the establishment and participation in Rumah Ngaji; and second, to map the development of Rumah Ngaji across Sarawak. The preliminary review indicates that Rumah Ngaji in Sarawak is motivated by the aspiration to strengthen Qur’anic literacy, promote a Qur’an-centred way of life, improve access to informal religious learning, encourage community participation and create inclusive learning environments for different age groups. Evidence also indicates gradual expansion through local centres and collaborations involving Rumah Ngaji Sarawak, Pustaka Negeri Sarawak, Islamic Information Centre, Majlis Islam Sarawak, mosques, community groups and educational institutions.

P074 Women's Empowerment, Social Inclusion, And Digital Literacy From An Islamic Perspective

LEVIANA ANDREW — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 14:51:59 +0000

This systematic literature review synthesises two decades (2006–2026) of peer-reviewed scholarship on the intersection of women's empowerment, digital literacy, and social inclusion within Islamic contexts. Following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, a search of Scopus and Web of Science yielded 127 records, which were screened and assessed for eligibility to produce a final sample of 24 studies spanning Malaysia, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nigeria. Guided by Kabeer's (1999) tripartite framework of resources, agency, and achievements, Sen's (1999) capability approach, and an Islamic theological lens grounded in maqasid al-shariah, the review identifies eight recurring themes, including theological reconceptualisations of gender justice, Islamic education as an empowerment pathway, Islamic microfinance and fintech, the digital halal economy, the gender digital divide, state-led policy and e-/m-government reform, digital media and religious identity, and regional variation across Southeast Asia, South Asia, the MENA/Gulf region, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Findings indicate that digital access alone is insufficient for empowerment; outcomes depend on complementary digital- and financial-literacy skills, trust in Islamic-compliant platforms, and the extent to which state policy architecture addresses underlying legal and normative constraints. The review also identifies evidentiary gaps, including a near-absence of quasi-experimental or longitudinal designs, and cautions that some observed regional patterns may reflect indexing bias in English-language databases rather than genuine cross-country differences. It contributes an integrated framework linking Islamic theological, developmental, and digital-inclusion literatures, and offers implications for policymakers and practitioners designing gender-responsive digital-inclusion interventions in Muslim-majority contexts.

P075 Sustaining FinTech Crowdfunding Platforms in Malaysia

NUR ATIKA ATAN — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 14:52:32 +0000

FinTech crowdfunding has emerged as an important alternative financing mechanism for startups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia, contributing to financial inclusion, entrepreneurial development, and digital innovation. Despite its rapid growth, the sustainability of crowdfunding platforms remains challenged by various operational, technological, and market-related factors. This study aims to explore the key challenges influencing the sustainability of FinTech crowdfunding platforms in Malaysia through an in-depth qualitative case study of PitchIN Platform Sdn. Bhd. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and analysed using thematic analysis to identify the critical factors affecting platform sustainability. The findings reveal that limited public awareness, investor trust, financial literacy, technological advancement, digital marketing capability, platform management experience, and the rapidly evolving FinTech ecosystem are among the major challenges confronting crowdfunding platforms. In addition, regulatory adaptation and continuous technological innovation were identified as essential factors in sustaining platform competitiveness and supporting long-term growth. Although the findings are derived from a single case study and may not be generalisable to all crowdfunding platforms, they provide valuable insights into the operational and strategic challenges encountered within Malaysia's FinTech ecosystem. The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers, regulators, crowdfunding platform operators, and entrepreneurs to strengthen investor confidence, enhance digital financial awareness, and foster a more sustainable crowdfunding environment. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on FinTech crowdfunding by providing empirical evidence on the sustainability challenges faced by crowdfunding platforms in Malaysia and offers strategic insights to support the continued development of the country's digital entrepreneurial finance ecosystem.
Keywords: FinTech crowdfunding; sustainability; crowdfunding platforms; entrepreneurial finance; qualitative case study; Malaysia.

P076 Artificial Intelligence for Community Empowerment: Integrating Islamic Values and Digital Social Innovation

Azlina Bujang, Leviana Andrew, Izyan Farhana Zulkarnain, Sharin Sulaiman — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 14:58:04 +0000

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology with the potential to empower communities by enhancing access to education, healthcare, digital entrepreneurship, public service delivery, and social innovation. However, the development and deployment of AI must be guided by an ethical framework that ensures fairness, transparency, accountability, and societal well-being. In an Islamic context, these principles align with the values of Maqasid al-Shariah, which emphasize the preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property as the foundation for sustainable human and societal development. Consequently, this paper aims to explore the role of AI in community empowerment through the integration of Islamic values and digital social innovation. The study employs a conceptual approach, grounded in a literature review, to synthesise and analyse literature on AI, digital social innovation, community empowerment, and Islamic ethics. Furthermore, a conceptual framework is proposed to elucidate the relationship between AI, digital social innovation, and Islamic values in supporting inclusive and sustainable community development. The discussion also examines the potential applications of AI in education, healthcare, entrepreneurship, social welfare, and community development, while identifying challenges such as algorithmic bias, the digital divide, data privacy, and AI governance. This paper argues that integrating AI with Maqasid al-Shariah principles and digital social innovation can foster a technological ecosystem that is more ethical, human-centric, and beneficial to society. These conceptual findings are intended to serve as a reference for policymakers, educational institutions, researchers, and community organizations in developing AI solutions that are responsible, inclusive, and aligned with Islamic values.

P077 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COMPUTATIONAL THINKING IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION

Edi Irawan — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 23:37:39 +0000

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational thinking (CT) in Islamic educational institutions presents unique opportunities and challenges that remain underexplored in scholarly discourse. This bibliometric study maps the intellectual landscape of AI and CT research in Islamic education, identifying research trends, thematic clusters, and knowledge gaps over fifteen years (2010–2025). Following the PRISMA guidelines, publications were retrieved from the Scopus database using Boolean queries combining AI-related terms and computational thinking with Islamic education domains. Bibliometric indicators, including publication frequency, citation analysis, authorship patterns, institutional collaboration, and keyword co-occurrence, were visualised using VOSviewer and the R-Studio bibliometrix package. The findings reveal significant growth in AI and CT research within Islamic education, particularly post-2018, following the generative AI surge. Four dominant thematic clusters emerged: 1) AI-enhanced Quranic learning and memorisation, 2) acceptance of AI technologies among students and educators, 3) ethical and theological considerations, and 4) implementation challenges in resource-constrained institutions. Southeast Asian institutions, particularly those from Indonesia and Malaysia, have emerged as leading contributors, reflecting the region's robust Islamic education ecosystem. Critical research gaps were identified: insufficient attention to CT skills development in Islamic curricula, underrepresentation of qualitative approaches, and limited longitudinal studies on AI's pedagogical impact of AI. These gaps provide fertile ground for future investigations. This study contributes a comprehensive knowledge map guiding researchers, policymakers, and educators in prioritising future research agendas while preserving the epistemological foundations and ethical values inherent to Islamic educational traditions.

P078 Beyond Qur'anic Recitation:

Lukmanul Hakim — Wed, 15 Jul 2026 23:38:17 +0000

The Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur'an (MTQ) Antarbangsa se-Borneo, inaugurated in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, in November 2023, marks a new development in transnational Islamic engagement by bringing together Muslim delegates from the five provinces of Kalimantan in Indonesia, Sarawak, Sabah, and Labuan in Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam. Unlike conventional international Qur'anic recitation competitions, which primarily emphasize competitive performance, this event emerged from the shared geographical, historical, and cultural identity of Borneo, creating opportunities for sustained cross-border interaction among Muslim communities. While previous studies have predominantly examined MTQ as a vehicle for Qur'anic education, religious development, and Islamic preaching, little attention has been paid to its role as a platform for transnational da'wah communication. This study investigates how the Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur'an (MTQ) Antarbangsa se-Borneo functions beyond a Qur'anic recitation competition by facilitating transnational da'wah communication and strengthening ukhuwah Islamiyah (Islamic brotherhood) across the Borneo region. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research draws on in-depth interviews with members of the organizing committee and delegation representatives, supported by the analysis of official documents and media reports. The findings reveal that the event operates as a platform for transnational da'wah communication through three interconnected communicative processes: symbolic communication expressed through Qur'anic recitation as a shared religious language, cultural communication grounded in the common Bornean identity, and interpersonal communication fostered through sustained interaction among delegates. Together, these processes cultivate mutual trust, shared religious understanding, and a collective sense of Islamic belonging that transcends national borders. The study argues that the integration of religious symbolism, cultural proximity, and interpersonal engagement transforms the MTQ into a distinctive platform for transnational da'wah communication that complements conventional da'wah practices and extends beyond formal state-centered religious diplomacy. These findings contribute to the growing scholarship on Islamic communication by expanding the understanding of faith-based cultural events as communicative platforms for fostering regional Islamic cooperation and solidarity among culturally interconnected Muslim communities.

P079 AI Companions in Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Education: A Systematic Review from a Maqasid al-Shariah Perspective

NUR FARISA SYAMILA BINTI FAIZOL — Thu, 16 Jul 2026 04:51:33 +0000

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) companions has transformed the way adolescents access sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information by offering personalised, interactive, and readily available digital support. These technologies have considerable potential to enhance health education through timely information delivery and user-centred engagement. However, growing concerns persist regarding misinformation, privacy protection, ethical accountability, algorithmic bias, and the influence of AI-generated content on adolescents’ sexual attitudes and decision-making. Despite the expanding body of literature on AI-assisted health education, current evidence remains fragmented, particularly concerning its educational effectiveness, ethical implications, and compatibility with value-based sexual education frameworks. This systematic review aims to synthesise existing evidence on the role of AI companions in adolescent sexual and reproductive health education and to examine their implications for developing educational approaches grounded in Maqasid al-Shariah. The review follows the PRISMA 2020 guidelines through comprehensive searches of the Scopus and Web of Science databases using predefined keywords related to AI companions, adolescents, and sexual and reproductive health. Studies published between 2021 and 2026 are screened according to predefined eligibility criteria and analysed using thematic synthesis. The review is expected to identify key themes relating to the educational applications of AI companions, their potential to improve adolescents’ SRH knowledge and access to reliable information, as well as challenges associated with misinformation, privacy risks, ethical concerns, and exposure to inappropriate content. The findings are expected to provide evidence-based recommendations for educators, researchers, and policymakers to support the responsible integration of AI technologies into adolescent SRH education while strengthening educational frameworks informed by Maqasid al-Shariah that promote holistic well-being, moral development, and informed decision-making in the digital era.

P080 Seeing Is Believing? Menu Image Authenticity and Consumer Trust in Online Food Delivery Platforms in Kuching, Sarawak

Ratnawate Panie, Jati Kasuma Ali, Prof. Dr, Yusman Yacob, Dr — Thu, 16 Jul 2026 11:15:17 +0000

Online food delivery platforms such as GrabFood and Foodpanda have become an integral part of consumers' daily lives. Since consumers cannot physically examine food before placing an order, menu images play an important role in shaping their purchase decisions. To attract customers, some food vendors use AI-generated, edited, or stock images that may not accurately represent the actual food served. When the delivered food differs from its menu image, consumers may perceive the menu as misleading, which may reduce consumer trust and discourage future purchases. Previous studies have largely examined service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, food safety, menu visual appeal, and menu information in the context of online food delivery. However, limited attention has been given to whether menu image authenticity influences consumer trust and repurchase intention. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of menu image authenticity on consumer trust and repurchase intention, with consumer trust serving as a mediator. A quantitative cross-sectional survey will be conducted among online food delivery users in Kuching, Sarawak. Data will be analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics, while Hayes' PROCESS Macro will be used to examine the mediating effect of consumer trust. The findings are expected to indicate that menu image authenticity enhances consumer trust, which, in turn, leads to higher repurchase intention. These findings are also expected to contribute to the digital food marketing literature and provide practical guidance on the use of authentic menu images.

P081 Pengunaan Lekuk S sebagai parameter bagi Pelaksanaan Pelan Peralihan di Kalangan Usahawan Bumiputera di Sarawak

Ir Ts Syed Hossin bin Wan Hamit — Fri, 17 Jul 2026 01:53:59 +0000

Kelangsungan perusahaan kecil dan sederhana (PKS) Bumiputera merupakan agenda penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi Sarawak. Walau bagaimanapun, kegagalan merancang pelan peralihan secara sistematik sering menyebabkan konflik kepimpinan, kelewatan proses penggantian, kehilangan pengetahuan organisasi dan kemerosotan prestasi perniagaan. Kajian terdahulu lebih banyak menumpukan kepada aspek siapa, apa dan bagaimana pelan peralihan dilaksanakan, namun aspek bila pelan peralihan perlu dilaksanakan masih kurang diberikan perhatian. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan suatu kerangka konseptual yang menggunakan Model Lekuk S (S-Curve) sebagai parameter bagi menentukan masa optimum pelaksanaan pelan peralihan dalam kalangan usahawan Bumiputera di Sarawak. Kajian ini mengintegrasikan teori Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), Resource-Based View (RBV), Organisational Readiness for Change dan Firm Life Cycle Theory bagi menjelaskan hubungan antara pelaksanaan pelan peralihan, tahap kesediaan organisasi, keupayaan sumber serta prestasi dan kelestarian perniagaan. Pendekatan kuantitatif secara tinjauan rentas digunakan melibatkan perusahaan kecil dan sederhana (PKS) Bumiputera di Sarawak, dengan analisis data menggunakan Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Model yang dicadangkan menilai kesan pelaksanaan pelan peralihan terhadap prestasi dan kelestarian perniagaan melalui peranan masa optimum berdasarkan fasa pertumbuhan dalam Model Lekuk S, di samping menguji pengaruh kesediaan organisasi sebagai faktor pengukuh. Kajian ini dijangka menyumbang kepada pembangunan ilmu melalui pengenalpastian dimensi masa optimum pelaksanaan pelan peralihan, yang masih kurang diterokai dalam literatur perancangan peralihan dan kelangsungan perusahaan. Dari sudut praktikal, dapatan kajian dijangka menghasilkan satu model dan garis panduan yang dapat membantu usahawan Bumiputera, agensi pembangunan keusahawanan dan pembuat dasar menentukan masa yang paling sesuai untuk melaksanakan pelan peralihan secara lebih sistematik, sekali gus meningkatkan daya tahan, kesinambungan dan kelestarian perniagaan merentas generasi. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan strategik dalam memperkukuh ekosistem keusahawanan Bumiputera di Sarawak serta menyokong aspirasi pembangunan ekonomi yang mampan.

P082 From Social Media to Dining Decisions: The Influence of Online Food Reviews and Social Media on Generation Z's Purchase Intention and Trust in Muslim-Friendly Restaurants

ZAINON HAJI BIBI, Aiza binti Johari, Azlina binti Bujang — Fri, 17 Jul 2026 10:26:08 +0000

Online food review sites and social media have changed how consumers select restaurants, search for information, and decide where to eat. Generation Z often uses the internet and social media to gather information before making decisions. Building customer trust through reliable internet communication has become crucial for Muslim-friendly eateries to influence customers' purchase intent. Even as social media marketing and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) become increasingly popular in the restaurant business, little research has examined how they affect Generation Z's trust and purchase intention in the context of Muslim-friendly eateries. This study, based on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) paradigm, examines how social media marketing and online food reviews affect consumer trust. It also looks at how trust influences purchase intention toward Muslim-friendly restaurants. A structured questionnaire is used to collect data from selected Generation Z consumers in a quantitative cross-sectional study. SPSS 31.0 will be used to analyze the study model, and the measurement items are modified from verified and established scales. According to the study's hypothesis, online food reviews and social media marketing have a favorable impact on consumer trust, which in turn increases buy intention. Additionally, it is anticipated that consumer trust will mediate the connections between buy intention and digital marketing architecture. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on Muslim-friendly restaurants, focusing on digital marketing, consumer behavior, and electronic word-of-mouth. In addition, this study can help the business owner develop a restaurant marketing strategy to improve customer trust.

P083 NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN DALAM KITAB AL-ISTI'DAD LI YAWN AL-MA'AD

HARAPANDI KAIB — Sat, 18 Jul 2026 02:53:01 +0000

Kitab-kitab turath merupakan khazanah intelektual Islam yang bukan sahaja menjadi sumber rujukan dalam bidang akidah, fiqh dan tasawuf, bahkan berperanan sebagai asas pembentukan falsafah pendidikan Islam yang menekankan keseimbangan antara pembangunan intelektual, spiritual dan akhlak. Salah satu karya yang mempunyai nilai pendidikan yang signifikan ialah Al-Isti'dād Li Yawm al-Ma‘ād, sebuah kitab yang membincangkan konsep persediaan manusia menuju kehidupan akhirat melalui pembinaan akidah, penyucian jiwa (tazkiyah al-nafs), penghayatan ibadah dan pembentukan akhlak mulia. Walaupun kitab ini telah digunakan secara meluas dalam tradisi pengajian pondok dan institusi pendidikan Islam di Alam Melayu, kajian yang meneliti nilai-nilai pendidikannya secara sistematik daripada perspektif pendidikan Islam kontemporari masih terhad. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis nilai-nilai pendidikan yang terkandung dalam Al-Isti'dād Li Yawm al-Ma‘ād serta merumuskan sumbangannya terhadap pembangunan modal insan berteraskan nilai-nilai Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berasaskan penyelidikan kepustakaan dengan kaedah analisis kandungan terhadap teks utama Al-Isti'dād Li Yawm al-Ma‘ād. Analisis turut disokong melalui perbandingan dengan karya-karya turath yang mempunyai tema pendidikan kerohanian, antaranya Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn karya Imam al-Ghazali dan Bidāyah al-Hidāyah, bagi mengenal pasti kesinambungan pemikiran pendidikan Islam dalam tradisi turath. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan analisis tematik dengan mengelompokkan kandungan kitab kepada beberapa dimensi utama pendidikan Islam, iaitu pendidikan akidah, pendidikan ibadah, pendidikan akhlak, pendidikan kerohanian, pendidikan sosial dan pendidikan kendiri.Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa Al-Isti'dād Li Yawm al-Ma‘ād membangunkan satu kerangka pendidikan yang berteraskan konsep al-isti‘dād (persediaan menyeluruh) melalui integrasi ilmu, amal dan adab. Nilai pendidikan yang dominan meliputi pengukuhan keimanan terhadap hari akhirat sebagai asas pembentukan worldview Islam; pembiasaan ibadah sebagai proses pendidikan jiwa; penyucian hati daripada sifat-sifat mazmumah melalui mujahadah dan muhasabah; pembentukan akhlak seperti ikhlas, sabar, tawaduk, amanah dan syukur; serta pemupukan tanggungjawab sosial berasaskan konsep ihsan dan muraqabah kepada Allah SWT. Kajian turut mendapati bahawa pendekatan pendidikan dalam kitab ini tidak bersifat doktrinal semata-mata, sebaliknya menampilkan hubungan yang erat antara dimensi spiritual dengan pembentukan tingkah laku, disiplin diri dan kepimpinan beretika. Hal ini membuktikan bahawa pendidikan dalam tradisi turath berorientasikan pembentukan insan yang seimbang (insān kāmil), bukan sekadar penyampaian ilmu secara kognitif. Kajian ini mencadangkan satu Model Nilai Pendidikan Turath yang mengintegrasikan enam komponen utama, iaitu pengukuhan akidah, penghayatan ibadah, penyucian jiwa, pembinaan akhlak, pembentukan adab dan tanggungjawab sosial sebagai asas pembangunan modal insan. Model ini berpotensi diaplikasikan dalam kurikulum Pengajian Islam di institusi pengajian tinggi, sekolah agama dan pusat pengajian turath bagi memperkukuh pendidikan berasaskan nilai (values-based education) yang bersumberkan khazanah keilmuan Islam. Kajian ini turut menyumbang kepada pengembangan wacana Pengajian Turath dengan menampilkan Al-Isti'dād Li Yawm al-Ma‘ād sebagai sumber rujukan yang relevan dalam membangunkan model pendidikan Islam yang responsif terhadap cabaran masyarakat kontemporari tanpa mengabaikan prinsip-prinsip autentik tradisi keilmuan Islam.

P084 Preservation Of Departed Souls’ Rites (Gawai Antu) Among Iban Community In Sri Aman, Sarawak

Sun, 19 Jul 2026 01:02:11 +0000

The lack of awareness for the new generations on preserving Gawai Antu Iban cultural practices is becoming a growing concern. The younger generation is not exposed to this rite by their ancestors and then leads them to be lacking in knowledge pertaining to Gawai Antu's overall process. Besides, today's generations are not keen to continue their ancestral traditions. Tukang berayun's chanting is forgotten from time to time and not being practiced by tukang berayun's generation itself. This leads to the culture being slowly forgotten and not being well protected. This is due to absence of relevant records, documentations and lacks practice on the origin. It is difficult for the future generations to prove that certain culture or tradition as theirs unless with proper documentations. This research aims to investigate on the preservation of departed soul's rites among Iban community in Tanjung Bijat, Sri Aman Sarawak which specifically studies its overall practices, rites and traditions. This research is qualitative, and series of interview sessions were conducted, and data was thematically analyzed to portray the overall practices of Gawai Antu, level of perceptions and suggestions to preserve the rites and traditions of Gawai Antu. This research suggested that succesful preservation of Gawai Antu is associated to developing broaden networking with responsible association or body institutions on Iban cultures. The results of the study suggested the important roles of the communities, agencies and ministries; can lead to the preservation of departed souls' rites for cultural knowledge among the Iban community especially in Sarawak.

P085 The Traditional Sarawak Malay Pre-Marital Practices as a Cultural Framework for Islamic Ta'aruf: Insights from Glimpses of Malay Life in Sarawak

Nurul Iman Mohamad Sabari — Sun, 19 Jul 2026 01:03:35 +0000

Marriage occupies a central position in Islam and the process of spouse selection is expected to be guided by principles that preserve dignity, family involvement and adherence to religious values. In contemporary Muslim discourse, ta'aruf is frequently promoted as an Islamic approach to pre-marital acquaintance and partner selection. However, limited attention has been given to traditional Malay customs that embody similar objectives. This conceptual paper examines traditional Sarawak Malay pre-marital practices documented in Maimunah Daud's Glimpses of Malay Life in Sarawak (1999) and explores their relevance as a cultural framework for Islamic ta'aruf. Employing document analysis and literature review, the study analyses practices such as matchmaking, kerisit kerunum, bertanya-tanya, bejarum-jarum, betekul, mereya, nyeruk tunang and berambeh rumah tunang. The discussion is further supported by Islamic sources from the Qur'an, Hadith and contemporary literature on ta'aruf. The findings suggest that these traditional practices functioned as mechanisms for information gathering, family participation, assessment of compatibility, declaration of marital intention and preparation for married life. Although developed within the local socio-cultural context of the Sarawak Malays, these customs demonstrate substantial alignment with the objectives of Islamic ta'aruf. The paper argues that traditional Sarawak Malay pre-marital practices may be understood as a culturally embedded framework that complements Islamic principles of marital preparation while contributing to the preservation of local heritage and Islamic family values. The study highlights the importance of appreciating indigenous cultural traditions that support religious teachings within contemporary Muslim societies.

P086 Revisiting the Tawhidic Paradigm of Human Resource Management in the Era of Industry 5.0

Norlelawati Ismawi — Sun, 19 Jul 2026 12:12:34 +0000

Contemporary organisations are confronted with growing ethical challenges, declining employee trust, rapid workplace transformation driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI), and increasing demands for sustainable human resource management (HRM). Although conventional HRM has contributed significantly to organisational performance and competitiveness, it often gives limited attention to the spiritual and ethical values that shape responsible human behaviour. This conceptual paper revisits the Tawhidic Paradigm of Human Resource Management by positioning Tawhid as the foundational principle for an integrated HRM framework that promotes ethical conduct, justice, accountability, and sustainable workplace excellence. This study adopts a qualitative conceptual approach through library research and textual analysis of the Qur’an, Hadith, and contemporary literature on Islamic management and HRM. It synthesises classical Islamic principles with current HRM perspectives to propose a contemporary Tawhidic Human Resource Management (THRM) Framework. The framework identifies amanah (trustworthiness), ’adalah (justice), ihsan (excellence), and khalifah (responsible stewardship) as the core organisational values that strengthen ethical leadership, employee engagement, organisational integrity, and long-term sustainability. This paper contributes to the advancement of Islamic Human Resource Management by introducing an integrated conceptual framework that aligns spiritual values with contemporary HRM practices. The proposed framework demonstrates how Tawhidic principles can guide ethical decision-making, responsible leadership, and sustainable organisational performance in the era of Industry 5.0. It also provides a foundation for future empirical research and offers practical insights for organisations seeking to balance technological advancement with Islamic ethical values in achieving sustainable organisational excellence.

P087 Memperkasa Etika Tata-Kelola Pengurusan Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence) bagi Negara Islam Membangun:

Sun, 19 Jul 2026 12:14:51 +0000

Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence, AI) kini menjadi pemacu utama transformasi digital global yang
mempengaruhi hampir semua sektor ekonomi, pendidikan, kesihatan, kewangan dan pentadbiran awam. Malaysia dan Indonesia turut memperlihatkan perkembangan pesat dalam pelaksanaan teknologi AI melalui pelbagai dasar nasional bagi meningkatkan produktiviti, daya saing dan pembangunan ekonomi digital. Walau bagaimanapun, pembangunan AI turut membawa pelbagai cabaran etika termasuk isu ketelusan algoritma, bias data, privasi, keselamatan siber, integriti akademik serta akauntabiliti terhadap keputusan yang dihasilkan oleh sistem pintar. Cabaran tersebut menunjukkan bahawa pembangunan AI tidak lagi boleh dinilai hanya daripada sudut kecanggihan teknologi, malah memerlukan kerangka etika yang mampu memastikan teknologi terus berfungsi untuk kesejahteraan manusia. Dari perspektif Islam, AI merupakan suatu bentuk inovasi yang harus dipandu oleh prinsip maqasid syariah bagi memastikan penggunaannya tidak bercanggah dengan nilai kemanusiaan dan tanggungjawab moral. Oleh itu, artikel ini akan mengupas pembangunan AI beretika melalui perspektif Islam dengan memberi fokus kepada konteks pembangunan Malaysia dan Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual berasaskan analisis literatur bagi menghuraikan hubungan antara pembangunan AI, prinsip etika Islam dan keperluan tadbir urus teknologi yang beretika. Dapatan kajian mencadangkan bahawa pembangunan AI yang mampan memerlukan integrasi antara piawaian antarabangsa mengenai Responsible AI dengan nilai Islam sebagai asas pembentukan sistem AI yang telus, adil, berpusatkan manusia dan menyumbang kepada pembangunan lestari di rantau ASEAN.

P088 Social Media Usage and Raising Public Health Literacy Awareness in West Kalimantan

Juniawati Juniawati, Santa Rusmalita — Mon, 20 Jul 2026 06:55:02 +0000

This paper aims to analyze the use of social media in raising health literacy awareness among the community in West Kalimantan. The study is motivated by low levels of health literacy stemming from limited knowledge which affect public health behaviors regarding infectious diseases, the use of healthcare facilities, and medical treatment. Health communication and media-based dissemination of health information to encourage healthy living are crucial. This study employs a case study approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews and an assessment of community conditions in Sambas Regency. The findings indicate that access to information regarding health issues, infectious diseases, healthcare facility utilization, and treatment options has historically been very limited. Social media serves as an alternative for meeting information needs and addressing immediate health concerns, though its use remains largely confined to personal and immediate family matters. A lack of awareness and motivation regarding the importance of health is attributed to several factors, including education levels, geographical constraints, and a scarcity of available health information.

P089 Integrating Local Culture and Multiculturalism in Visual Art Education: Perspectives of Visual Arts Students in University Teknologi MARA

Mon, 20 Jul 2026 06:55:38 +0000

The integration of local culture and multiculturalism in visual art education plays a significant role in fostering cultural awareness, creativity, and appreciation of diversity among students. In the context of globalization, visual arts education serves as an important platform for preserving local cultural heritage while promoting respect for multicultural values. This study adopted a qualitative case study approach, with data collected through semi-structured interviews. The interviews involved 20 visual arts students and five lecturers to explore their perspectives on the integration of local culture and multiculturalism in visual art education. This study aims to examine the perspectives of visual arts students on the integration of local culture and multiculturalism in visual art education. Specifically, the study investigates students' levels of awareness, perceptions, and attitudes toward the incorporation of local cultural elements and multicultural values in their learning experiences. A quantitative research design will be employed using a structured questionnaire administered to undergraduate visual arts students. The collected data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analyses to identify relationships between students' perceptions and selected demographic variables. The findings are expected to provide insights into the effectiveness of integrating local culture and multiculturalism in visual art education and its contribution to students' cultural identity, artistic creativity, and intercultural competence. This study is expected to contribute to the development of culturally responsive visual art education practices and provide recommendations for educators, curriculum developers, and higher education institutions in strengthening cultural sustainability and inclusive learning environments.

Keywords: Visual art education, Local culture, Multiculturalism, Visual art students.

P090 Muslim Women's Use of Halal Cosmetics in Brunei Darussalam Based on the Principle of al-Umur Bi Maqasidiha

Nureen Mohd Sallih, Hadenan Towpek, Mohd Asyraf Yusof — Mon, 20 Jul 2026 06:56:15 +0000

The halal cosmetics industry has experienced rapid growth in recent years, driven by increasing awareness among Muslim consumers regarding the importance of using products that are not only permissible but also safe and hygienic. At the same time, the influence of modern beauty trends, particularly through social media platforms, has significantly shaped how cosmetics are used among Muslim women. While Islam allows beautification and encourages individuals to maintain a neat and presentable appearance, it also sets clear boundaries to avoid excessive beautification (tabarruj) and actions that may attract unnecessary attention. This study aims to examine the use of cosmetics among Muslim women through the principle of al-umur bi maqasidiha, which emphasizes that actions are judged based on intentions, and to analyse how such practices align with the objectives of maqasid syariah. The study uses a qualitative approach from online-based research, by reviewing relevant academic articles, Islamic texts, and previous studies. The findings indicate that the permissibility of cosmetic use depends on both intention and adherence to Islamic guidelines such as moderation, safety, and modesty. The influence of social media has contributed to excessive cosmetic practices and a shift in intention towards seeking social approval. Therefore, it is important to ensure that cosmetic use is guided by proper intention and aligned with the objectives of maqasid syariah in preserving dignity and moral values.

Keywords: Halal cosmetics, al-umur bi maqasidiha, maqasid syariah, tabarruj, Muslim women

P091 CROSS-CONTAMINATION IN BRUNEI’S FOOD PREMISES: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE BASED ON MAQASID AL-SHARIAH

ABDUL AQIL AZAIM ABD RAHIM, Hadenan Towpek, Mohd Asyraf Yusof — Mon, 20 Jul 2026 06:56:48 +0000

Halal integrity is at risk by cross-contamination in food premises, especially in nations like Brunei Darussalam where halal certification is strictly regulated. Through an understanding of Maqasid al-Shariah (the objectives of Islamic law), this article examines cross-contamination issues within Brunei’s food premises with an emphasis on protection of life (hifz al-nafs) and protection of religion (hifz al-din). The study looks at journal articles, enforcement reports, and actual case incidents in Brunei using qualitative document analysis. The results show that poor segregation procedures, a lack of compliance to halal standards, and improper handling of non-halal sources are the main causes of cross-contamination. Systemic gaps in monitoring and awareness are shown by a number of actual cases, such as the use of pig-bristle brushes, the storage of suspicious meat, and the presence of non-halal ingredients in halal-certified premises. Based on the study’s findings, avoiding future occurrences requires improving Maqasid-based compliance frameworks, training halal supervisors, and strengthening halal governance.

P092 Consumer Protection in AI-Driven Halal Tourism: Assessing Malaysia's Regulatory Framework from the Sarawak Perspective

IZYAN FARHANA BINTI ZULKARNAIN — Mon, 20 Jul 2026 15:38:12 +0000

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the halal tourism industry can be seen particularly through the use of smart chatbots, custom recommendation engines, automated booking setups and digital trip planners. Although these tools offer better efficiency and smoother user experiences, there are serious issues concerning AI-generated systems when the systems accidentally provide inaccurate or wrong information on halal-certified products and services. In consequence, it may mislead Muslim travellers and thus break the consumers’ trust. Sarawak, as a multicultural destination, is currently working to expand its market as a Muslim-friendly travel hub in Malaysia. This study examines whether Malaysia’s current legal and regulatory framework is robust enough to protect consumers by focusing specifically on the challenges within Sarawak. Using a qualitative doctrinal legal approach, the study concentrates on federal laws governing consumer rights, tourism operations, data privacy, halal trade descriptions, together with the AI ethical guidelines. The analysis indicates several gaps, including the lack of a statutory mechanism for AI transparency, algorithm accountability and liability for automated errors. It also argues that the existing commercial laws were designed for a conventional approach and, as such, are insufficient for digital platforms. Guided by the concept of maqasid al-Shariah, this study proposes a regulatory model that integrates AI transparency, human oversight and halal safeguards.

P093 Waqf Bank Discussion Series: Thematic Analysis of Waqf Takaful Product Development in Malaysia

Tue, 21 Jul 2026 08:01:50 +0000

The combination of Waqf institutions and takaful institutions is expected to catalyse the risk management industry. Apart from that, these combinations can also address Malaysia's medical expenditure problem. This study aims to serve as a bridge between takaful and waqf institutions to develop a waqf takaful product. This qualitative study involves 20 respondents, comprising shariah experts, bank executives, takaful executives, and relevant industry experts. The data collection methods used in this study are semi-structured interviews and a focus group interview. The researcher has sent invitations for research interview sessions to all waqf organizations, available Islamic banking institutions, microfinance institutions in Malaysia, and Muslim scholars for data collection. The findings of this paper show that waqf takaful has the potential to be developed in Malaysia and to reduce the financial burden faced by the B40 group

P094 Reka Bentuk Kurikulum dan Kompetensi Graduan Program Diploma Halal di Malaysia: Analisis Perbandingan antara UiTM dan POLISAS

Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Sabari — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 08:02:26 +0000

Pendidikan halal di Malaysia berkembang sejajar dengan peningkatan keperluan industri halal global, namun reka bentuk kurikulum program halal yang ditawarkan oleh institusi pengajian tinggi masih memperlihatkan orientasi yang berbeza. Sehingga kini, kajian yang membandingkan secara sistematik reka bentuk kurikulum program halal antara institusi pengajian tinggi di Malaysia masih terhad. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan membandingkan syarat kemasukan, reka bentuk kurikulum dan implikasi terhadap kompetensi graduan bagi dua program diploma halal, iaitu Diploma Pengurusan Halal di Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) dan Diploma Teknologi Makanan Pengurusan Halal di Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah (POLISAS). Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui reka bentuk kajian perbandingan dengan kaedah analisis dokumen terhadap dokumen rasmi kurikulum yang diakreditasi oleh Agensi Kelayakan Malaysia (MQA). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis kandungan kualitatif melalui pengelasan kursus kepada lima domain utama, iaitu kursus wajib, pengurusan dan perniagaan, syariah dan fiqh, sains makanan dan teknologi, serta aplikasi halal dan industri. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kedua-dua program berkongsi matlamat untuk melahirkan graduan yang memenuhi keperluan industri halal, namun berbeza dari segi orientasi reka bentuk kurikulum. Program UiTM memberi penekanan kepada penguasaan syariah, fiqh dan tadbir urus halal, manakala program POLISAS lebih berorientasikan sains makanan, teknologi dan sistem jaminan halal. Perbezaan ini menghasilkan profil kompetensi graduan yang saling melengkapi, iaitu kompetensi pengurusan halal berasaskan syariah dan kompetensi teknikal dalam industri makanan halal. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman tentang kepelbagaian model pendidikan halal di Malaysia serta mencadangkan bahawa pembangunan kurikulum halal pada masa hadapan wajar mengintegrasikan kekuatan kedua-dua orientasi bagi menghasilkan modal insan halal yang lebih holistik dan memenuhi keperluan ekosistem industri halal negara.

P095 The Financial Capital and Business Performance of Micro-Entrepreneurs: The Moderating Role of Government Non-Financial Support

Tue, 21 Jul 2026 08:03:58 +0000

The government's non-financial support plays a significant role in boosting the positive influence of entrepreneurs' financial capital on the success of micro-businesses by minimizing financing limits, risk sharing, and promoting efficient fund utilization. Despite substantial research into the relationship between financial capital and entrepreneurial performance, empirical data on its direct impact on business performance is inconsistent, implying that capital alone does not ensure business success. Using the resource-based approach (RBV), this study investigates whether government non-financial support moderates the relationship between financial capital and micro-entrepreneurs' business performance. The study uses a non-probability purposive sampling method to choose a sample of micro-business owners and entrepreneurs from the region. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires with a 7-point Likert scale. Out of 350 surveys distributed, 256 valid replies were successfully returned and used. The gathered data was then analyzed using the SEM-PLS approach with SmartPLS 4.1.1.2 software. The findings show that government non-financial support moderates the link between financial capital and business performance in micro-enterprises. It demonstrates that for micro-entrepreneurs, financial capital plays an important role in their business performance; thus, the government should prioritize easy access to outside financial capital, such as from financial institutions and government agencies, in their efforts to assist micro entrepreneurs in general, who account for the majority of business establishments in Malaysia, in succeeding and contributing to the country's economic growth. This study adds to the growing literature on micro-entrepreneurial development in emerging nations and makes practical recommendations to policymakers and company owners. Implementing measures to increase financial capital, as well as fostering trust-based interactions with external stakeholders, can improve corporate outcomes.

P096 Religion as a Political Label: The Misframing of Wars as Religious Conflicts

ZULKIFLI ABD LATIFF — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 08:04:32 +0000

Many modern conflicts are often labelled as religious wars, even when their main causes are political, economic, or territorial. This misrepresentation can create misunderstandings and strengthen negative stereotypes about religion. This mini research examines how religion is used as a political label in conflicts that are not truly religious and explores how this affects public understanding of war and interreligious relations. Using a qualitative narrative review, selected academic articles and credible sources on religion, politics, and conflict were analysed through content analysis to identify recurring themes and narratives. The findings show that political actors and media often simplify complex conflicts by framing them as religious wars, which can justify violence and gain public support. This framing increases social division and misleads the public about the real causes of conflict. The study highlights the importance of accurate conflict framing to promote understanding and peaceful interreligious relations.

P097 Profesionalisme Pendakwah Digital dalam Era Kecerdasan Buatan:

FARIS MOHD NAZRI — Tue, 21 Jul 2026 16:11:34 +0000

Perkembangan teknologi digital dan kecerdasan buatan telah mengubah landskap dakwah melalui penghasilan, penyuntingan dan penyebaran kandungan yang lebih pantas, meluas dan interaktif. Teknologi kecerdasan buatan kini digunakan untuk menghasilkan teks, imej, suara, terjemahan dan video, sekali gus membuka peluang kepada pendakwah untuk meningkatkan kreativiti, kecekapan serta capaian mesej dakwah. Namun demikian, perkembangan ini turut menimbulkan cabaran terhadap profesionalisme pendakwah digital, khususnya berkaitan kesahihan maklumat, autoriti ilmu, kebergantungan terhadap kandungan janaan AI, manipulasi media sintetik, budaya viral serta kelemahan dalam aspek etika dan tanggungjawab sosial. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara konseptual cabaran dan keperluan profesionalisme pendakwah digital dalam era kecerdasan buatan serta implikasinya terhadap kelestarian ummah. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif menerusi analisis dokumen terhadap penulisan berkaitan dakwah digital, profesionalisme pendakwah, kecerdasan buatan dan agama, etika komunikasi Islam serta literasi digital. Analisis konseptual menunjukkan bahawa profesionalisme pendakwah digital perlu dibangunkan berasaskan penguasaan ilmu agama, integriti dan akhlak, literasi digital dan AI, kemahiran komunikasi serta regulasi kendiri. Pendakwah juga perlu melakukan semakan manusia terhadap kandungan yang dijana oleh AI bagi memastikan ketepatan dalil, kesesuaian konteks dan pematuhan terhadap etika Islam. Kajian ini mencadangkan satu kerangka awal profesionalisme pendakwah digital yang mengintegrasikan kompetensi ilmu, etika, literasi teknologi, komunikasi dan regulasi kendiri. Kerangka tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadi asas kepada pembangunan ekosistem dakwah digital yang sahih, beretika dan bertanggungjawab, sekali gus menyumbang kepada pemeliharaan autoriti ilmu Islam, pembentukan masyarakat celik teknologi dan kelestarian ummah dalam era kecerdasan buatan.

P098 YOUTH IDENTITY RESILIENCE IN THE DIGITAL ERA: AN ISLAMIC SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH IN A PLURALISTIC SOCIETY

Noranizah Yusuf — Thu, 23 Jul 2026 01:39:22 +0000

Globalisation and the presence of social media have significantly altered the socio-cultural landscape of Malaysia's pluralistic society. It exposes the youth to foreign cultural norms, hedonism, and polarized digital discourse. At the same time, Islamic values are recognized as a foundational pillar for national harmony, but empirical insights into how youth apply these principles as internal digital filters remain limited. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Data synthesis was conducted on 50 peer-reviewed research articles published between 2021 and 2026 from major databases such as Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar. The analysis of the literature produced a conceptual framework for Islamic Digital Filtering, which includes three main dimensions. First, the cognitive dimension emphasises the application of Islamic principles in filtering false information and extremism. Second, the behavioural dimension focuses on digital adab to counter the culture of hedonism and flex culture. Third, the social dimension incorporates Ukhuwwah Insaniyyah and Maqasid al-Syariah to maintain harmony across ethnic groups. This study offers a new theoretical framework that integrates modern sociological theory along with Islamic sociological principles. From a practical perspective, this framework provides significant guidelines for policymakers, educational institutions, and youth agencies to design a value-based digital literacy standard to ensure the well-being and sustainability of a plural society.

P099 Kajian Kemiskinan di Kampung Bakong Lingga, Sri Aman

ZAIMUARIFFUDIN SHUKRI BIN NORDIN — Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:48:47 +0000

Lingga, yang terletak di Sri Aman, Sarawak, telah dikenalpasti sebagai kawasan yang menghadapi cabaran besar dalam usaha penghapusan kemiskinan. Kajian ini menggunakan kerangka Indeks Kemiskinan Pelbagai Dimensi (MDPI) untuk menganalisis tahap dan dimensi kemiskinan di Lingga, dengan fokus khusus pada Kampung Bakong. Menyedari bahawa pendapatan sahaja tidak memberikan pemahaman yang mencukupi mengenai kemiskinan, kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penilaian holistik terhadap kemiskinan dengan memeriksa faktor-faktor selain pendapatan. Kerangka ini memberi tumpuan kepada pendidikan, kesihatan, taraf hidup, dan dimensi relevan lain untuk memberikan pemahaman yang menyeluruh mengenai kemiskinan dan punca-puncanya. Pengumpulan data melibatkan tinjauan rumah tangga dan perbincangan kumpulan fokus di dalam Kampung Bakong. Penemuan utama menunjukkan bahawa kemiskinan di Kampung Bakong didorong oleh gabungan beberapa faktor, termasuk kekurangan pendapatan yang stabil, akses yang terhad kepada pendidikan, dan infrastruktur asas yang tidak mencukupi seperti bekalan air bersih yang konsisten, pengurusan sisa yang berkesan, dan bekalan elektrik yang boleh dipercayai. Akses terhad kepada kemudahan penjagaan kesihatan akibat jarak geografi juga muncul sebagai cabaran besar. Oleh itu, kajian ini menggunakan MPI untuk mengukur kekurangan dalam pelbagai petunjuk di dalam dimensi pendidikan, kesihatan, dan taraf hidup, menghasilkan skor MPI keseluruhan untuk Kampung Bakong. Penemuan menunjukkan bahawa kemiskinan dalam komuniti ini adalah pelbagai dimensi, melangkaui kekurangan pendapatan semata-mata dan melibatkan kekurangan yang signifikan dalam bidang seperti tahun persekolahan, akses kepada perkhidmatan kesihatan, dan kemudahan asas rumah tangga. Pandangan kualitatif daripada perbincangan kumpulan fokus menyoroti isu-isu ekonomi (kekurangan pekerjaan yang stabil, kos sara hidup yang tinggi), akses terhad kepada keperluan asas (pengurusan sisa, internet, penjagaan kesihatan), isu sosial dan komuniti (konflik, kurang kerjasama), serta impak bencana alam dan pencemaran sebagai faktor utama penyumbang kepada kemiskinan.

P100 Measuring Greenhouse Gas Levels in Independent Smallholder Oil Palm Farms in Sarawak

Fri, 24 Jul 2026 09:41:37 +0000

Oil palm cultivation is recognized as a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and methane (CH₄), driven by agronomic inputs and palm oil mill effluents. Such debate that independent smallholder (ISH) farmers are part of the significant drivers of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Oil Palm Industry leading to environmental degradation in general is often heavily scrutinized and contested. While the Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) certification mandates sustainable production across the sector, including independent smallholders, who account for approximately 14.5% of total acreage, the effectiveness of MSPO standards in promoting low-emission practices among ISH remains insufficiently explored. This scoping study evaluated soil GHG concentrations across 10 independent smallholder farms with varying fertilizer and pesticide application rates and compared with estimates generated by the MSPO GHG Calculator. Measured soil CO₂concentration was 1648ppm to 4703ppm while for the emission of soil N₂O concentration was 303 ppm to 500 ppm. CH₄ was not detected. The soil concentrations of GHG were closely related to the calculated GHG which ranged from 4.07 Kg CO₂/yr to 18.36 Kg CO₂/yr determined by the farm age, type, application rate and frequencies of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The findings were significant providing field validated data to draw conclusions of lower input agronomic practices of ISH farms compared to plantation scale keep GHG emission far below critical environmental thresholds.

P101 The Smart Mosque for Digital Transformation: Empowering the Muslim Community in Kuching, Sarawak

Marlita Mat Yusof — Fri, 24 Jul 2026 09:43:01 +0000

Digital transformation has emerged as an important approach to improving institutional governance across many sectors, including religious institutions. In Kuching, Sarawak, although internet access is widespread and digital technologies are readily available, mosque administration continues to depend largely on conventional management practices. The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is generally confined to social media communication, whereas core administrative activities, including financial management, stakeholder engagement, and digital donation services, have yet to be widely adopted. This gap reflects the lack of a comprehensive digital governance framework that is aligned with the operational needs and socio-cultural context of mosques in Sarawak. As a result, opportunities to strengthen the role of mosques as centres for community development and social well-being remain underutilized. This study proposes the development of a Smart Mosque Model that combines digital technologies with community-oriented governance to improve mosque management and service delivery. The objectives are to assess the current level of ICT adoption in mosque administration, examine stakeholders' perceptions of digital mosque services, and identify the factors that facilitate digital transformation. Drawing on theories of technology adoption, community engagement, and Islamic governance, the proposed model offers a practical framework for supporting digital governance while respecting the religious values and cultural context of mosque institutions. The findings are expected to provide useful insights for policymakers and mosque administrators, while contributing to ongoing efforts to promote effective, inclusive, and sustainable digital transformation within religious institutions.

P102 Islamic Development in Sarawak After 1968: A Historical Analysis of The East Malaysia Islamic Congress and Its Relevance to The Transformation of Islamic Education in The Artificial Intelligence Era

Abdul Razak Abdul Kadir, Noranizah Yusuf, Saimi Bujang — Mon, 27 Jul 2026 15:22:02 +0000

The development of Islam in Sarawak during the post-independence period progressed relatively slowly due to the legacy of Brooke rule, British colonial administration, and the socio-political challenges of the early post-independence era. The dominance of a Western-oriented education system and restrictions on Islamic propagation limited the growth of Islamic education. Although Malaysia was formed on 16 September 1963, significant transformation in Islamic education did not occur immediately. The Sarawak Islamic Council, established in 1955, was primarily responsible for administering Islamic affairs and had limited involvement in Islamic educational development. In response to these challenges, Muslim leaders from Sabah and Sarawak convened the East Malaysia Islamic Congress (Kongres Islam Malaysia Timor) in 1968 to formulate strategies for strengthening Islam and the Muslim community. This study addresses two research questions: (i) What were the major ideas and resolutions articulated during the East Malaysia Islamic Congress? and (ii) How have the historical achievements of Islamic education in Sarawak since 1968 contributed to its transformation through the integration of digital technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) towards nurturing holistic, adaptive, and globally competitive Muslim communities? The objectives are to identify the key ideas formulated during the congress, analyse their implementation, and examine their contribution to the transformation of Islamic education. The study employs Kuntowijoyo’s historical research framework, encompassing heuristics, internal and external criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings reveal that among the resolutions adopted during the congress, the expansion of zakat management and Islamic education were the most successfully implemented initiatives. These developments strengthened Islamic educational institutions, enhanced Muslim human capital, and reinforced the administration of Islamic education in Sarawak. Furthermore, these historical achievements provide a valuable foundation for integrating digital technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Islamic education, thereby supporting the development of holistic, adaptive, and globally competitive Muslim communities.

P103 Blockchain for Halal Traceability in Sarawak: Digital Governance and Shariah Compliance to Drive PCDS 2030

Nur Farhani binti Samasu — Tue, 28 Jul 2026 05:57:41 +0000

Sarawak’s Post COVID-19 Development Strategy (PCDS) 2030 envisions a robust, data-driven digital economy, positioning the Halal manufacturing and agricultural sectors as critical drivers of export growth. However, conventional Halal supply chains often struggle with localized traceability and transparency, presenting governance challenges that can risk cross-contamination and undermine consumer trust. To address these vulnerabilities, this conceptual paper proposes a Shariah-compliant blockchain governance framework tailored specifically to Sarawak’s Halal ecosystem. By decentralizing supply chain data through an immutable ledger, the proposed model effectively operationalizes the core Islamic ethical principles of Amanah (trustworthiness) and 'Adl (justice) in modern trade. Crucially, this research bridges technological implementation with actionable public policy. To facilitate seamless digital adoption without stifling local economic growth, the paper advocates for the establishment of state-backed "Halal Tech Sandboxes". Under the PCDS 2030 framework, this regulatory sandbox approach allows local SMEs to pilot blockchain traceability in live industrial environments. This mechanism fosters vital cross-agency collaboration between digital regulatory bodies and state Islamic councils. Ultimately, integrating blockchain technology into Sarawak's digital infrastructure will enhance regional data sovereignty, elevate global export competitiveness, and fulfill the PCDS 2030 mandate by establishing a resilient Shariah-compliant governance model in Borneo.

P104 Pelaksanaan Pelan Peralihan dikalangan SMEs di Sarawak : Peranan Orientasi Keusahawanan, Kesediaan Organisasi dan Keupayaan Sumber

Ir Ts Syed Hossin bin Wan Hamit — Tue, 28 Jul 2026 09:31:18 +0000

The long-term sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) depends not only on their ability to establish and grow a business but also on their preparedness to manage leadership, ownership, knowledge, and operational transitions. This issue is particularly significant among Bumiputera SMEs in Sarawak, where many enterprises remain highly dependent on founders, informal governance arrangements, and undocumented business knowledge. Despite the growing literature on succession planning, existing studies remain fragmented and predominantly focus on the factors associated with succession rather than explaining how strategic and organisational conditions are translated into effective transition plan implementation. This conceptual paper therefore develops an integrated framework to explain the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, organisational readiness, resource capability, transition plan implementation, organisational lifecycle stage, and business performance and sustainability. The framework integrates Entrepreneurial Orientation Theory, the Resource-Based View, and Organisational Lifecycle Theory. Entrepreneurial orientation, organisational readiness, and resource capability are conceptualised as antecedents of transition plan implementation, while transition plan implementation functions as a mediating mechanism through which these strategic attributes contribute to business performance and long-term sustainability. Organisational lifecycle stage, represented through the S-Curve perspective, is proposed as a contextual moderator that may strengthen or weaken the relationship between transition plan implementation and business outcomes. Conceptually, the framework addresses the explanatory “black box” in existing transition and succession literature by demonstrating how organisational attributes are converted into implementable transition actions under different lifecycle conditions. The framework is intended for subsequent empirical validation through a quantitative, cross-sectional survey of Bumiputera SMEs in Sarawak using purposive sampling and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. This paper contributes a context-sensitive and theory-driven explanation of SME transition planning and offers practical guidance for entrepreneurs, policymakers, business associations, and development agencies in strengthening business continuity, intergenerational knowledge transfer, and the sustainability of Bumiputera enterprises in Borneo.

Keywords: Bumiputera SMEs in Sarawak; transition plan implementation; entrepreneurial orientation; organisational readiness; resource capability; organisational lifecycle; business sustainability.

P105 MAQASID-DRIVEN RESPONSIBLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FRAMEWORK (MRAIF)

SAREHAN SADIKIN — Wed, 29 Jul 2026 06:54:52 +0000

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming higher education by enhancing teaching, learning, research, and institutional administration. Despite its considerable benefits, the widespread adoption of AI has introduced significant ethical and governance challenges, including concerns related to transparency, accountability, fairness, privacy, academic integrity, and human oversight. While internationally recognised Responsible Artificial Intelligence (Responsible AI) frameworks provide comprehensive governance principles, they are predominantly grounded in secular and regulatory perspectives, offering limited consideration of Islamic ethical values. This conceptual study addresses this gap by proposing the Maqasid-Driven Responsible Artificial Intelligence Framework (MRAIF), an integrated governance framework that aligns the objectives of Maqasid al-Shariah with globally accepted Responsible AI principles for higher education institutions. The study adopts an integrative literature review and conceptual framework development approach, synthesising contemporary literature on Responsible AI, AI governance, higher education, Islamic ethics, and Maqasid al-Shariah. The proposed framework consists of four interrelated components: (1) Ethical Foundation based on Maqasid al-Shariah, (2) Responsible AI Principles, (3) Institutional AI Governance Mechanisms, and (4) Trustworthy and Responsible AI Outcomes. The framework demonstrates how the five objectives of Maqasid al-Shariah can systematically strengthen internationally recognised Responsible AI principles by providing an ethical foundation for institutional policy, academic integrity, AI literacy, data governance, cybersecurity, and responsible decision-making. Unlike existing Responsible AI models, MRAIF establishes a sequential governance logic linking ethical values, governance principles, institutional implementation, and expected outcomes within a unified conceptual model. The study contributes to the Responsible AI literature by extending current governance discourse through the integration of Islamic ethical philosophy with contemporary AI governance, offering a culturally responsive framework that supports trustworthy, human-centred, and sustainable AI adoption in higher education. The framework also provides a theoretical foundation for future empirical validation and institutional policy development.

Keywords: Responsible Artificial Intelligence; Maqasid al-Shariah; Higher Education; AI Governance; Islamic AI Ethics; Conceptual Framework.

P106 Electronic Surveillance and Privacy Rights in Malaysia: A Comparative Analysis Against International Human Rights Standards

ZAHIN AZ-ZUHRI BIN ZAINNUL ASRI — Wed, 29 Jul 2026 06:56:04 +0000

This paper examines the legal tension between state electronic surveillance capabilities and individual privacy rights in Malaysia by benchmarking domestic legislation and jurisprudence against international human rights standards. Employing a qualitative, doctrinal legal methodology alongside a comparative framework, the study deconstructs the national domestic legal framework, mainly the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (CMA), the Security Offences (Special Measures) Act 2012 (SOSMA), Section 509 of the Penal Code, and the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (PDPA). The national legal architecture would then be compared against international instruments such as Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and Article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The study reveals that while Malaysian jurisprudence has incrementally recognized privacy rights in horizontal civil disputes involving physical modesty and home intrusion for instance, domestic legal mechanisms governing vertical state surveillance remain fragmented, underspecified, and structurally unaligned with international norms. Specifically, provisions such as Section 252 of the CMA grant broad, discretionary interception authority without adequate judicial oversight, while Section 3 of the PDPA explicitly excludes government operations from data accountability. Consequently, Malaysia’s legal framework diverges significantly from the foundational international principles of legality, necessity, and proportionality established under UN Human Rights Committee standards. The paper concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive legislative reform, advocating for the constitutional recognition of privacy under Article 5(1) of the Federal Constitution, the removal of statutory government exemptions, and the establishment of independent judicial authorization mechanisms to harmonize domestic surveillance practices with international human rights standards.

P107 MAQASID-DRIVEN RESPONSIBLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FRAMEWORK (MRAIF)

SAREHAN SADIKIN — Wed, 29 Jul 2026 15:04:34 +0000

MAQASID-DRIVEN RESPONSIBLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FRAMEWORK (MRAIF): AN INTEGRATED GOVERNANCE MODEL FOR HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Sulastri Putit¹, Sarehan Sadikin²*, Lenny Yusrina Bujang Khedif¹
¹College of Computing, Informatics & Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA

(UiTM) Sarawak, Malaysia
²Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sarawak, Malaysia
*Corresponding Author Email: sarehan@uitm.edu.my

ABSTRACT

Keywords: Responsible Artificial Intelligence; Maqasid al-Shariah; Higher Education; AI Governance; Islamic AI Ethics; Conceptual Framework.

P108 KADAR KESIAPSIAGAAN REMAJA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM DALAM MENGHADAPI CABARAN KERENCAMAN PEMIKIRAN MENUJU WAWASAN BRUNEI 2035

Norasiah Awang Haji Amai — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 01:51:29 +0000

Transformasi sosial, perkembangan teknologi digital dan globalisasi telah mempercepatkan penyebaran pelbagai ideologi, nilai serta pandangan hidup yang mewujudkan kerencaman pemikiran dalam kalangan masyarakat, khususnya remaja. Dalam konteks Brunei Darussalam, fenomena ini menuntut tahap kesiapsiagaan yang tinggi agar generasi muda mampu menilai, menyaring dan mengadaptasi pengaruh luar secara kritis tanpa menjejaskan identiti kebangsaan yang berteraskan Falsafah Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB). Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan menilai kadar kesiapsiagaan remaja di Brunei Darussalam dalam menghadapi cabaran kerencaman pemikiran sebagai persediaan menuju Wawasan Brunei 2035. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui kaedah tinjauan menggunakan soal selidik terhadap remaja berumur 14 hingga 24 tahun dari pelbagai institusi pendidikan dan komuniti di seluruh negara. Analisis data akan dijalankan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensi bagi mengenal pasti tahap kesiapsiagaan serta hubungan antara pengetahuan, kemahiran berfikir kritis, literasi digital, pegangan nilai MIB dan daya tahan psikososial. Dapatan kajian dijangka dapat memberikan gambaran menyeluruh mengenai tahap kesiapsiagaan remaja serta membantu pihak kerajaan, institusi pendidikan dan badan belia merangka strategi pembangunan modal insan yang lebih berkesan dalam merealisasikan aspirasi Wawasan Brunei 2035.

P109 Pelaksanaan Kursus Kemahiran Insaniah Berpusatkan Masjid di Sarawak

MOAHAMD BAZLI BIN MD RADZI — Mon, 03 Aug 2026 00:43:56 +0000

Kajian ini digagaskan bagi menangani persepsi masyarakat yang mengehadkan peranan masjid kepada ibadah khusus semata-mata, di samping merapatkan jurang akses latihan kemahiran insaniah dalam kalangan belia di Sarawak. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan mengenal pasti aktiviti kemahiran yang sesuai, menganalisis keperluan pengoperasian, dan merangka garis panduan pelaksanaan kursus berpusatkan masjid. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, pengumpulan data dilaksanakan menerusi analisis dokumen dan bahan ilmiah seperti jurnal, buku dan medium cetak yang berautoriti. Kajian ini berhasil memberi pendeahan terhadap modul kemahiran yang bertepatan dengan keperluan belia dan juga keperluan semasa sekali gus mentransformasikan masjid sebagai One-Stop Centre untuk meningkatkan kebolehpasaran belia serta profesionalisme pengurusan masjid. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini memberikan impak signifikan sebagai model rujukan empirikal dan dasar kepada pihak berkuasa agama dalam memartabatkan sosioekonomi masyarakat serta memperkaya literatur pembangunan modal insan di mana sahaja secara amnya dan di Sarawak secara khususnya.

P110 Warkah Kesultanan Brunei 1259H/1842M: Analisis Filologi dan Historiografi Manuskrip Perjanjian Pemindahan Kuasa Sarawak

Saimi Bujang, noranizah yusuf — Mon, 03 Aug 2026 00:45:22 +0000

Kajian ini meneliti Warkah Kesultanan Brunei bertarikh 1259H/1842M yang merekodkan persetujuan antara Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin dan James Brooke. Manuskrip ini merupakan naskhah penting dalam sejarah peralihan kuasa pentadbiran Sarawak kepada kuasa kolonial Inggeris. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis fizikal, struktur bahasa, dan kandungan warkah tersebut melalui kerangka filologi dan historiografi bagi menelusuri peranannya sebagai instrumen legitimasi kuasa. Analisis filologi merungkai ciri-ciri persuratan Jawi tradisional, termasuk kedudukan cap mohor diraja, laras bahasa istana, dan terminologi Arab-Islam yang melambangkan kedaulatan identiti intektual Kesultanan Melayu-Brunei. Manakala analisis historiografi menilai bagaimana klausa dalam teks warkah seperti pengesahan pelantikan, ufti tahunan, dan syarat pemeliharaan Islam serta adat yang memanifestasikan suatu bentuk kolonialisasi tidak langsung (indirect colonisation). Dapatan kajian menegaskan bahawa manuskrip warkah ini bukan sekadar wadah komunikasi diplomatik, tetapi dimanipulasi sebagai alat perundangan strategik yang membuka ruang kepada hegemoni kuasa Barat dengan mengeksploitasi struktur pemerintahan sedia ada. Kajian ini secara langsung menyumbang kepada kelestarian warisan manuskrip Jawi serta wacana pensejarahan politik dan perundangan Islam di Kepulauan Borneo.

P111 A Study on Mosque Imarah through Balanced Scorecard Constructs in Selected Mosques in Kuching, Sarawak

MOHD SAPAWI BIN JAMAIN, Senian bin Mahli, Dr Oriah binti Haji Akir — Mon, 03 Aug 2026 07:26:07 +0000

Mosques have historically served as centres of worship, education, community development, and social transformation in Muslim societies. However, contemporary mosque management increasingly requires systematic governance, continuous organisational learning, quality service delivery, and effective stakeholder engagement to sustain their institutional relevance. This study examines Mosque Imarah through selected Balanced Scorecard constructs comprising Continuous Learning, Mosque Governance, Worship Comfort, and Congregational Satisfaction in selected mosques in Kuching, Sarawak. The study proposes a structural model in which Continuous Learning functions as the organisational foundation that strengthens Mosque Governance, enhances Worship Comfort, improves Congregational Satisfaction, and ultimately contributes to Mosque Imarah. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed using a structured bilingual questionnaire distributed among mosque committee members, mosque officers, and congregants. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed, with 300 returned and 290 valid responses retained for analysis. The instrument demonstrated excellent reliability during the pilot study involving 50 respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analysis. The findings are expected to demonstrate that Continuous Learning significantly improves Mosque Governance, while Worship Comfort partially mediates the relationship between Mosque Governance and Congregational Satisfaction. Congregational Satisfaction is anticipated to be the strongest predictor of Mosque Imarah. The proposed Balanced Scorecard framework provides a practical management model for strengthening mosque administration, enhancing congregational experience, and promoting sustainable institutional development. The findings contribute to both Islamic management literature and practical mosque governance by providing empirical evidence supporting continuous organisational improvement within mosque institutions.

Keywords: Mosque Imarah, Balanced Scorecard, Continuous Learning, Mosque Governance, Worship Comfort, Congregational Satisfaction, Sarawak