P139 Strategic Waters and Sovereign Shores: Brunei’s Maritime Geography and Naval Culture during the Reign of Sultan Bolkiah

Abstract

Brunei reached the height of its glory in the 15th and 16th centuries during the reign of Sultan Bolkiah, expanding its influence across much of the Philippines. Its strategic location enabled Brunei to develop formidable naval power, dominate regional commerce, and assert sovereignty over key coastal and island territories. This paper examines Brunei’s maritime geography, naval culture, and territorial expansion under Sultan Bolkiah’s rule. Employing a historical-analytical approach and drawing on primary sources related to maritime geography and naval history, the study provides fresh insights into the pivotal role of geography and naval strategy in shaping early Islamic polities in Southeast Asia. The enduring legacy of Sultan Bolkiah’s maritime vision continues to shape Brunei’s contemporary maritime policies and national identity.