P037 The Middle Mahakam Integrated Assessment of Tropical Peatland Hydrological Functions: Scientific Evidence and Islamic Perspectives from the Middle Mahakam Peat–Lake Cascade System
Abstract
The Middle Mahakam Peat–Lake Cascade System, comprising Semayang and Melintang Lakes and the surrounding peatlands in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, is one of the largest tropical freshwater wetland ecosystems in Southeast Asia. Beyond its ecological significance, this landscape reflects the balance and harmony of creation bestowed by Allah as a source of life, sustenance, and environmental stability. The Holy Qur'an reminds humankind that water is the origin of all living things (Qur'an 21:30) and that humans are entrusted as stewards (khalifah) to protect the earth from degradation (Qur'an 2:30; 7:56). Guided by these principles, this study assesses the hydrological functions of the Middle Mahakam peatlands using an integrated approach combining hydrological observations, remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and hydrological modelling. The assessment evaluates groundwater levels, lake-water fluctuations, rainfall, evapotranspiration, inundation dynamics, and peat physical characteristics to understand their roles in regulating floodwaters, maintaining dry-season flows, and sustaining ecosystem resilience. The results indicate that intact peatlands function as natural water reservoirs, mitigating floods, conserving freshwater resources, and supporting biodiversity and local livelihoods. Conversely, peatland degradation diminishes these vital ecosystem services, increasing vulnerability to flooding, drought, and ecological decline. These findings demonstrate that conserving peatland ecosystems is not only a scientific necessity but also an ethical and spiritual responsibility, reflecting gratitude (shukr) for Allah's blessings and fulfilling humanity's obligation to safeguard His creation. The study contributes to sustainable water resource management while promoting the integration of scientific knowledge and Islamic environmental ethics in achieving sustainable development.
