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Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.
Chelliah, S., Mohamed Sulaiman, & Mohd Yusoff, Y. (2010). Internationalization and Performance: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(6), 27 – 37. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shankar-Chelliah-2/publication/43968946_Internationalization_and_Performance_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises_SMEs_in_Malaysia/links/0deec53b5069a94c6f000000/Internationalization-and-Performance-Small-and-Medium-Enterprises-SMEs-in-Malaysia.pdf
Chin, Y. W., & Teh, C. G. (2017). Malaysia's Protracted Affirmative Action Policy and the Evolution of the Bumiputera Commercial and Industrial Community. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 32(2), 336-373. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/44668419
De Run, E. C., Subramaniam, M. & Wong, S. L. (2006). The Foochow Entrepreneurial Characteristics: Comparison Between Generations. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 2(3). Retrieved from http://www.asiaentrepreneurshipjournal.com/AJESII3DeRun.pdf
Fakhrul, A. Z., & Wan, N. D. (2011). Indigenous (Bumiputera) Malay Entrepreneurs in Malaysia: Government supports, entrepreneurial orientation and firms’ performances. International Business and Management, 2(1), 86 – 99.
Fang H., Chrisman J. J., Memili E., & Wang M. (2020). Foreign venture presence and domestic entrepreneurship: A macro level study. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutional & Money, 68, 1-5.
Goel, G. & Rishi, M. (2012). Promoting entrepreneurship to alleviate poverty in India: An overview of government schemes, private-sector programs, and initiatives in the citizens' sector. Thunderbird International Business Review, 54(1). 45-57. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264343300_Promoting_entrepreneurship_to_alleviate_poverty_in_India_An_overview_of_government_schemes_private-sector_programs_and_initiatives_in_the_citizens'_sector/citations
Ismail, R., & Sulaiman, N. (2007). Technical Efficiency in Malay Manufacturing Firms. International Journal of Business and Society, 8(2), 47-62. Retrieved from http://www.ijbs.unimas.my/repository/pdf/Vol%208%20No2(abs4).pdf
Jaafar, M., Abdul Aziz, A. R., & Ali, R. (2009). Entrepreneurial characteristics of indigenous housing developers: the case of Malaysia. Economia. Seria Management, 12(2), 73-91. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/rom/econmn/v12y2009i2p73-91.html
Jomo, K. S. (2004). The New Economic Policy and Interethnic Relations in Malaysia. Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme, Paper Number 7. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD). Retrieved from https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/45937/7.pdf
Kirkwood, J. 2009. Motivational factors in a push-pull theory of entrepreneurship. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 24 (5), 346 – 364.
Klinkosz, W., & Sękowski, A. E. (2013). LMI. Inwentarz Motywacji Osiągnięć H. Schulera, G.C. Thorntona, A. Frintrupa & M. Prochaski [Achievement Motivation Inventory by H. Schulera, G.C. Thornton, A. Frintrup & M. Prochaska]. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego.
Koh, H.C., 1996. Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics: a study of Hong Kong MBA students. Journal of Managerial Psychology 11 (3), 12–25
Kuratko, D. F. (2016). Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning
Law, K. L. S., & Jaafar, N. (2019). Creation of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) Among Young Entrepreneurs in Sarawak: A Qualitative Perspective. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3472930
Lew, T. Y., Keling, S., Muniapan, B., Kong, E. F., & Yong, S. T. (2004). Entrepreneurship: Personality Profile of Chinese Entrepreneurs Who Are Members of the Miri Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry Sarawak, Malaysia. Paper presented at 8th ANZAM Conference, New Zealand. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337084808_Entrepreneurship_Personality_Profile_of_Chinese_Entrepreneurs_Who_Are_Members_of_the_Miri_Chinese_Chamber_of_Commerce_and_Industry_Sarawak_Malaysia/references
Loveline, A. A., Uchenna, O. I., & Karubi, N. P. (2014). Women Entrepreneurship in Malaysia: An Empirical Assessment of the Challenges Faced by Micro and Small Business Owners in Kuching-Sarawak. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 1(4), 48-58. Retrieved from https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijhsse/v1-i4/6.pdf
Malaysia Ministry of Entrepreneur Development and Cooperatives (MEDAC). (2019). National Entrepreneurship Policy. Retrieved from https://www.pmo.gov.my/2019/08/national-entrepreneurship-policy/
Mamun, A. A., & Ekpe, I. (2016). Entrepreneurial traits and micro-enterprise performance: a study among women micro-entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Development in Practice, 26 (2), 193-202.
Markman, G. D., Balkin, D. B., & Baron, R. A. (2002). Inventors and New Venture Formation: The Effects of General Self–Efficacy and Regretful Thinking. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(2), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1540-8520.00004
Minai, M. S., & Lucky, E. O. I. (2011). The Moderating Effect of Location on Small Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(10), 178-192. Retrieved from http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/view/12510
Mohamad Sabli, H., & Abdul Latif, H. (2019). Interactions among Factors Affecting Micro Entrepreneur Performance in Sarawak, Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 9(3), 208–218. Retrieved from https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/5650/Interactions_among_Factors_Affecting_Micro_Entrepreneur_Performance_in_Sarawak,_Malaysia.pdf
Mohamad, M., & Kasuma, J. (2016). Identifying Motivation Factor Involvement Of Sarawak Malay Women Entrepreneur. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 18(1), 54 – 59. Retrieved from https://ojs.petra.ac.id/ojsnew/index.php/man/article/view/19633
Obschonka, M., Obschonka, M., Hakkarainen, K., Hakkarainen, K., Lonka, K., Lonka, K., Salmela-Aro, K., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2017). Entrepreneurship as a twenty-first century skill: Entrepreneurial alertness and intention in the transition to adulthood. Small Business Economics, 48(3), 487–501.
Soone, J. W., Gash, D. M. (2018). Psychopathy to altruism: neurobiology to the selfish-sefless spectrum. Front. Psychology. 9, 575.
Sarawak State Government. (1999). BCIC Master Plan Study of Sarawak.
Shane, S. (2012). Reflections ON the 2010 “AMR” decade award: Delivering ON the promise OF entrepreneurship as a field OF research. Academy of Management Review, 37(1), 10–20.
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226.
Soone, J. W., Gash, D. M. (2018). Psychopathy to altruism: neurobiology to the selfish-sefless spectrum. Front. Psychology. 9, 575.
Tamvada, J. P. (2009). Entrepreneurship and Welfare. Research Paper No. 2009/21, UNU-WIDER. Retrieved from https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/RP2009-21.pdf
Tateh, O. (2013). Indigenous Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial Intentions of Dayak Youth in Sarawak, Malaysia. (Master’s Thesis). Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.
Thomas, A.S., Mueller, S.L., 2000. A case for comparative entrepreneurship: assessing the relevance of culture. Journal of International Business Studies 31, 287–301.
Thompson, E. R. (2009). Individual entrepreneurial intent: Construct clarification and development of an internationally reliable metric. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33(3), 669–694.
Tonge, J. (2001). A Review of Small Business Literature Part 1: Defining the Small Business. Manchester Metropolitan University Business School Working Paper Series. Retrieved from https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/1643/1/tonge%20wp01_18.pdf
Vandor, P. (2021). Are voluntary international migrants self-selected for entrepreneurship? An analysis of entrepreneurial personality traits. Journal of World Business. 56, 101142.
Yusoff, M., Abu Hassan, F., & Abdul Jalil, S. (2000). Globalisation, Economic Policy, and Equity: The Case of Malaysia. Poverty and Income Inequality in Developing Countries: A Policy Dialogue on the Effects of Globalisation, OECD/OCDE, Paris. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/countries/malaysia/2682426.pdf
Zapkau, F. B., Schwen, C., Kabst, R., (2017). The Role of Prior Entrepreneurial Exposure in the Entrepreneurial Process: A Review and Future Research Implications. Journal of Small Business Management. 55 (1), 56-86.
Ali, I., Ali, M., & Badghish, S. (2019). Symmetric and asymmetric modeling of entrepreneurial ecosystem in developing entrepreneurial intentions among female university students in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 11(4), 435–458
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.
Chelliah, S., Mohamed Sulaiman, & Mohd Yusoff, Y. (2010). Internationalization and Performance: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(6), 27 – 37. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shankar-Chelliah-2/publication/43968946_Internationalization_and_Performance_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises_SMEs_in_Malaysia/links/0deec53b5069a94c6f000000/Internationalization-and-Performance-Small-and-Medium-Enterprises-SMEs-in-Malaysia.pdf
Chin, Y. W., & Teh, C. G. (2017). Malaysia's Protracted Affirmative Action Policy and the Evolution of the Bumiputera Commercial and Industrial Community. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 32(2), 336-373. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/44668419
De Run, E. C., Subramaniam, M. & Wong, S. L. (2006). The Foochow Entrepreneurial Characteristics: Comparison Between Generations. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 2(3). Retrieved from http://www.asiaentrepreneurshipjournal.com/AJESII3DeRun.pdf
Fakhrul, A. Z., & Wan, N. D. (2011). Indigenous (Bumiputera) Malay Entrepreneurs in Malaysia: Government supports, entrepreneurial orientation and firms’ performances. International Business and Management, 2(1), 86 – 99.
Fang H., Chrisman J. J., Memili E., & Wang M. (2020). Foreign venture presence and domestic entrepreneurship: A macro level study. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutional & Money, 68, 1-5.
Goel, G. & Rishi, M. (2012). Promoting entrepreneurship to alleviate poverty in India: An overview of government schemes, private-sector programs, and initiatives in the citizens' sector. Thunderbird International Business Review, 54(1). 45-57. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264343300_Promoting_entrepreneurship_to_alleviate_poverty_in_India_An_overview_of_government_schemes_private-sector_programs_and_initiatives_in_the_citizens'_sector/citations
Ismail, R., & Sulaiman, N. (2007). Technical Efficiency in Malay Manufacturing Firms. International Journal of Business and Society, 8(2), 47-62. Retrieved from http://www.ijbs.unimas.my/repository/pdf/Vol%208%20No2(abs4).pdf
Jaafar, M., Abdul Aziz, A. R., & Ali, R. (2009). Entrepreneurial characteristics of indigenous housing developers: the case of Malaysia. Economia. Seria Management, 12(2), 73-91. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/rom/econmn/v12y2009i2p73-91.html
Jomo, K. S. (2004). The New Economic Policy and Interethnic Relations in Malaysia. Identities, Conflict and Cohesion Programme, Paper Number 7. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD). Retrieved from https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/45937/7.pdf
Kirkwood, J. 2009. Motivational factors in a push-pull theory of entrepreneurship. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 24 (5), 346 – 364.
Klinkosz, W., & Sękowski, A. E. (2013). LMI. Inwentarz Motywacji Osiągnięć H. Schulera, G.C. Thorntona, A. Frintrupa & M. Prochaski [Achievement Motivation Inventory by H. Schulera, G.C. Thornton, A. Frintrup & M. Prochaska]. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego.
Koh, H.C., 1996. Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics: a study of Hong Kong MBA students. Journal of Managerial Psychology 11 (3), 12–25
Kuratko, D. F. (2016). Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning
Law, K. L. S., & Jaafar, N. (2019). Creation of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) Among Young Entrepreneurs in Sarawak: A Qualitative Perspective. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3472930
Lew, T. Y., Keling, S., Muniapan, B., Kong, E. F., & Yong, S. T. (2004). Entrepreneurship: Personality Profile of Chinese Entrepreneurs Who Are Members of the Miri Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry Sarawak, Malaysia. Paper presented at 8th ANZAM Conference, New Zealand. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337084808_Entrepreneurship_Personality_Profile_of_Chinese_Entrepreneurs_Who_Are_Members_of_the_Miri_Chinese_Chamber_of_Commerce_and_Industry_Sarawak_Malaysia/references
Loveline, A. A., Uchenna, O. I., & Karubi, N. P. (2014). Women Entrepreneurship in Malaysia: An Empirical Assessment of the Challenges Faced by Micro and Small Business Owners in Kuching-Sarawak. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 1(4), 48-58. Retrieved from https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijhsse/v1-i4/6.pdf
Malaysia Ministry of Entrepreneur Development and Cooperatives (MEDAC). (2019). National Entrepreneurship Policy. Retrieved from https://www.pmo.gov.my/2019/08/national-entrepreneurship-policy/
Mamun, A. A., & Ekpe, I. (2016). Entrepreneurial traits and micro-enterprise performance: a study among women micro-entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Development in Practice, 26 (2), 193-202.
Markman, G. D., Balkin, D. B., & Baron, R. A. (2002). Inventors and New Venture Formation: The Effects of General Self–Efficacy and Regretful Thinking. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(2), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1540-8520.00004
Minai, M. S., & Lucky, E. O. I. (2011). The Moderating Effect of Location on Small Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(10), 178-192. Retrieved from http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/view/12510
Mohamad Sabli, H., & Abdul Latif, H. (2019). Interactions among Factors Affecting Micro Entrepreneur Performance in Sarawak, Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 9(3), 208–218. Retrieved from https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/5650/Interactions_among_Factors_Affecting_Micro_Entrepreneur_Performance_in_Sarawak,_Malaysia.pdf
Mohamad, M., & Kasuma, J. (2016). Identifying Motivation Factor Involvement Of Sarawak Malay Women Entrepreneur. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 18(1), 54 – 59. Retrieved from https://ojs.petra.ac.id/ojsnew/index.php/man/article/view/19633
Obschonka, M., Obschonka, M., Hakkarainen, K., Hakkarainen, K., Lonka, K., Lonka, K., Salmela-Aro, K., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2017). Entrepreneurship as a twenty-first century skill: Entrepreneurial alertness and intention in the transition to adulthood. Small Business Economics, 48(3), 487–501.
Soone, J. W., Gash, D. M. (2018). Psychopathy to altruism: neurobiology to the selfish-sefless spectrum. Front. Psychology. 9, 575.
Sarawak State Government. (1999). BCIC Master Plan Study of Sarawak.
Shane, S. (2012). Reflections ON the 2010 “AMR” decade award: Delivering ON the promise OF entrepreneurship as a field OF research. Academy of Management Review, 37(1), 10–20.
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226.
Soone, J. W., Gash, D. M. (2018). Psychopathy to altruism: neurobiology to the selfish-sefless spectrum. Front. Psychology. 9, 575.
Tamvada, J. P. (2009). Entrepreneurship and Welfare. Research Paper No. 2009/21, UNU-WIDER. Retrieved from https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/RP2009-21.pdf
Tateh, O. (2013). Indigenous Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial Intentions of Dayak Youth in Sarawak, Malaysia. (Master’s Thesis). Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.
Thomas, A.S., Mueller, S.L., 2000. A case for comparative entrepreneurship: assessing the relevance of culture. Journal of International Business Studies 31, 287–301.
Thompson, E. R. (2009). Individual entrepreneurial intent: Construct clarification and development of an internationally reliable metric. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33(3), 669–694.
Tonge, J. (2001). A Review of Small Business Literature Part 1: Defining the Small Business. Manchester Metropolitan University Business School Working Paper Series. Retrieved from https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/1643/1/tonge%20wp01_18.pdf
Vandor, P. (2021). Are voluntary international migrants self-selected for entrepreneurship? An analysis of entrepreneurial personality traits. Journal of World Business. 56, 101142.
Yusoff, M., Abu Hassan, F., & Abdul Jalil, S. (2000). Globalisation, Economic Policy, and Equity: The Case of Malaysia. Poverty and Income Inequality in Developing Countries: A Policy Dialogue on the Effects of Globalisation, OECD/OCDE, Paris. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/countries/malaysia/2682426.pdf
Zapkau, F. B., Schwen, C., Kabst, R., (2017). The Role of Prior Entrepreneurial Exposure in the Entrepreneurial Process: A Review and Future Research Implications. Journal of Small Business Management. 55 (1), 56-86.
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Affiliations
Pressca Neging
Universiti Teknologi MARA Sarawak
Marylyn Umban
Universiti Teknologi MARA Sarawak
Aimi Nuraida Ali Hasan
Universiti Teknologi MARA Sarawak
Siti Faridah Kamaruddin
Universiti Teknologi MARA Sarawak
How to Cite
Neging, P., Umban, M., Ali Hasan, A. N., & Kamaruddin, S. F. (2021). The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Social Learning Variables On Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) Among Iban Community In Kuching, Malaysia:. Journal of Sustainable Management Studies EISSN 2773-5516, 2(1), 1-6. Retrieved from https://majmuah.com/journal/index.php/jsms/article/view/75
The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Social Learning Variables On Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) Among Iban Community In Kuching, Malaysia:
Conceptual Framework
Vol 2 No 1 (2021): May
Submitted: Apr 26, 2021
Published: May 18, 2021
Abstract
Many previous studies suggest that not every entrepreneurial intention (EI) is eventually transformed into actual behaviour such as starting and operating a new venture This study proposed a new model to investigate the influences of content and process variables on Entrepreneurial Intention among the Iban community in Kuching based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The intention-action gap among Iban community was scrutinised, attributing it to the contextual factors, i.e., content (need for achievement, risk-taking propensity, and innovativeness) and process (entrepreneurial self-efficacy and family upbringing), affecting the translation of entrepreneurial intentions which can impact this community’s decision in forming the business that they intended.