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Affiliations
Ahmad Basri Ruslan
Akademi Sains Pendang, Kedah, Malaysia
Ahmad Habil Ahmad Zubir
Akademi Sains Pendang, Kedah, Malaysia
Franklin Chai Jun
Akademi Sains Pendang, Kedah, Malaysia
Mohamad Darius Elman Mohamad Adnan
Akademi Sains Pendang, Kedah, Malaysia
Mohamad Luqmanul Hakeem Mohd Faisal
Akademi Sains Pendang, Kedah, Malaysia
Angela Rina Francis
Akademi Sains Pendang, Kedah, Malaysia
Nor Zila Abd Hamid
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Sultan Idris Education University, Perak, Malaysia
Khairunnisa Che Jusoh
SMK Seksyen 10 Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia
How to Cite
Prediction Of Real SO2 Time Series Through Chaotic Approach In Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Peramalan Siri Masa Nyata SO2 Melalui Pendekatan Kalut Di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
- Ahmad Basri Ruslan ,
- Ahmad Habil Ahmad Zubir ,
- Franklin Chai Jun ,
- Mohamad Darius Elman Mohamad Adnan ,
- Mohamad Luqmanul Hakeem Mohd Faisal ,
- Angela Rina Francis ,
- Nor Zila Abd Hamid ,
- Khairunnisa Che Jusoh
Vol 6 No 4 (2023): December
Submitted: Nov 30, 2023
Published: Dec 3, 2023
Abstract
When there is an excess of carbon, sulfur and any dangerous gaseous emission, then the air is polluted. Breathing through polluted air can cause harm and may lead to several diseases such as respiratory failure and cancer. This study is about the prediction of real SO2 time series through the chaotic approach in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Before the prediction model can be built, the existence of chaotic behavior needs to be confirmed. Chaotic behavior can be detected through the phase space plot and Cao method. The observed time series is confirmed to be chaotic. Prediction through improved local linear approximation method (ILLAM) is done. Three parameters are determined which are delay time